EDXRF对故宫博物院藏宋代官窑及明清仿官窑瓷器的再研究——从胎体元素组成论述瓷器的类群关系和产地特征  

The Porcelain Body Chemical Components Test of Types & Genealogy of The Song Guan Wares and The Ming-Qing Guan-Typed Wares Collected in The Palace Museum

作　　者：李合[1,2] 吕成龙[1,2] 陈铁梅[1,2] 苗建民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]古陶瓷保护研究国家文物局重点科研基地(故宫博物院),故宫博物院古陶瓷研究中心 [2]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2014年第2期129-140,161,共12页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：国家文物局重点科研基地课题<南宋官窑瓷器的科学分析:类群关系和产地的揭示>(No.20110218)资助

摘　　要：本实验采用X射线荧光能谱仪(EDXRF)对故宫博物院藏32件传世宋代官窑瓷器以及14件明清景德镇仿宋代官窑青瓷胎体(圈足、支钉、露胎处)的主次量和微量元素组成进行了无损测试,初步研究了这些瓷器胎体元素组成的特点、规律和类群关系,进而从胎体元素组成角度佐证和补充了根据釉料组成对院藏官窑类瓷器进行分类和产地溯源之研究所得的结论。结果表明:1)传世宋代官窑与明清景德镇仿官窑瓷器胎体组成可明确区分,其中原定为传世宋代官窑青瓷的G1、G29、G39号器物的胎体组成,符合明清景德镇仿官窑青瓷的胎体特征;而原定为明清仿宋代官窑青瓷的M41和Q54号器物,则与宋代官窑青瓷类似。2)综合胎釉分析结果,认为原定宋官窑鬲式炉的序号G26、原定宋官窑斗笠碗的序号G27和原定宋官窑圆洗(残)的序号G30这三件器物很可能为龙泉黑胎青瓷。3)原定为宋代官窑的7件菱花式小碟,胎体组成则符合北方青瓷特征。A non-destructive test of the exposed-body areas of the round feet, spur-marks and other unglazed areas of 32 pieces of Song Guan wares and 14 pieces of Ming-Qing Guan-typed wares selected from The Palace Museum collection is followed by the overall knowledge of the properties, regular patterns of the elements contained in the porcelain bodies and the relations among the ware types as well, the result of which backs up the conclusion by another on-the-glaze-component-basis test of the same samples ever before. The details: 1) The body elements of the Guan porcelains handed-down from the Song dynasty are quite different from those of the Ming-Qing Guan-typed wares made in Jingdezhen. The elements of Samples G1, G29 and G39 which have already been judged as the Song celadon wares handed from ancient times are found to be of the same properties as the Guan-typed celadon wares of Jingdezhen of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Samples M41 and Q54 identified as the imitation of the Song Guan green porcelain in the Ming and Qing periods have the characteristics similar to those of the Song Guan wares. 2) Samples G26, G27 and G30 known as the Song Guan wares are more likely to be the Longquan black-body celadon wares. 3) The set of seven dishes judged as the Song Guan wares are alike to the celadon products of Northern China

关 键 词：宋代官窑 明清仿官 胎体组成 类群关系 产地溯源 EDXRF 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]