近20a黑河下游核心绿洲区土地荒漠化特征及影响因素  

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Land Desertification in Kern Oasis Area of Lower Heihe River Basin in Recent 20 Years

作　　者：马骏[1] 刘蔚[1] 席海洋[1] 张涛[1] 鱼腾飞[1] 杨凯年 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]额济纳旗林业工作站,内蒙古额济纳旗735400

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2014年第1期160-165,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“内陆河沙漠化土地影响因子判定及判别指标体系研究”(41071052);国家自然科学基金项目“干旱内陆河流域典型生态系统土壤碳模拟的研究”(31270482)

摘　　要：利用遥感影像数据,在GIS的支持下,对近20a黑河下游核心绿洲区的土地荒漠化特征进行分析。结果表明,研究区的沙漠面积在不断增加,在近20a里沙漠面积增加约31km2;2001年盐碱地面积为465.97km2,比1990年增加82.29km2,2002年分水工程实施后,盐碱地面积开始减小,2010年又有所增加;近20a中,沙地在稳步增加,林草地在持续减少,二者之间的转换较为频繁;在不同的土地覆被类型中,林草地、盐碱地、沙地和水体的变化较大。社会经济和人口因素对研究区土地沙漠化的影响显著,在自然因素的背景下,人为因素对水资源时空分布的影响在短期内决定着研究区绿洲的演变方向。The land desertification characteristics in the kern oasis area of the lower Heihe River basin were analyzed using remote sensing image data with support of GIS technique. The studied results showed that desert area steadily increased in recent 20 years, reaching about 31 km2 saline-alkali land area was 465.97 km2 in 2001, increased by 82.29 km2 compared to 1990~ and since the water transfer project was implemented in 2002, the saline-alkali land area started to decrease, but increased again in 2010. In recent 20 years, sandy land area steadily increased, but forest land and grassland area continuously decreased and their inter-conversion was frequent. Among different land cover types, the forest land, grassland, saline-alkali land, sandy land and water bodies varied greatly. Socioeconomic and population factors have a significant influence on the land desertification in the study region. Under the background condition of natural factors, the effects of human factors on the spatial- temporal distribution of water resources decide the evolution direction of the oasis in the study region.

关 键 词：黑河下游 荒漠化 影响因素 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]