清初汉族士人政治处境及心态考略——以己未博学鸿儒科“新朝士人”为考察对象  

Han Scholars' Political Situation and Ambivalence in the Early Qing Dynasty——By Observing the Scholars Participating in Imperial Examination Boxuehongru in 1679

作　　者：高莲莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中共青岛市委党校文史教研部,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《北京化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第1期41-46,共6页Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：康熙十七年(1678)诏开博学鸿儒科前,"新朝士人"虽已在政治上归附了清朝,但"旧巢覆破、新枝难栖"的处境让他们的内心充满了恐慌与失落,个体价值无所归依,人生理想无法实现,他们与朝廷处于一种淡淡的"疏离"态势之中。博学鸿儒科的诏举使"新朝士人"在文化上重新获得了归属感和认同感,政治态度由"疏离"彻底转向"归附"。汉族士人的"国家效忠"意识达到了一定的高度,超越了"民族认同"成为决定他们行为方式的重要因素。Before the imperial examination Boxuehongru in 1679, the scholars in new dynasty had already submitted themselves to the Qing dynasty, but the situation where old nest has been broken and it is hard to find a new branch to roost, made their hearts full of fear and loss.That is, there was nothing for individual value to attach and personal ideal can’t be achieved.They were slightly alienated from Qing dynasty. The imperial examination Boxuehongru made the scholars in new dynasty regain their sense of belonging and identity in culture.Their political attitudes also radically changed from alienation to allegiance. Han scholars’ consciousness of national loyalty surpassed the ethnic identity and became an important factor which could influencetheir behavior pattern.

关 键 词：康熙朝 科举 士人心态 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] K249[历史地理—历史学]