自我-他人决策差异:问题、研究与思考  

Self-Other Differences in Decision-Making: Questions, Studies and Reflection

作　　者：刘永芳[1] 王鹏[1] 庄锦英[1] 钟俊[1] 孙庆洲[1] 刘毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2014年第4期580-587,共8页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31271112)资助

摘　　要：目前关于自我-他人决策差异的研究在采用的任务、得到的发现及理论解释上均存在诸多矛盾或不一致的地方,且缺乏对此种现象深层心理机制的探讨。虽然一些研究者试图用心理距离假设来解释相关结果,但由于对心理距离的实验操纵过于简单,难以形成解释力较强的理论模型。近年来我们的一系列研究发现:得失情境下自我-他人决策差异存在不对称性;直接操纵心理距离比操纵决策者角色和社会距离对诱发自我-他人决策差异更有效;决策者个体的自尊水平影响自我-他人决策差异。未来的研究需要进一步探讨自我-他人心理距离的本质、决策者角色转换引起的心理距离变化及自我-他人决策差异的脑机制等问题。The existing studies on self-other differences in decision-making still have many inconsistencies in the used tasks, the related findings and theoretical explanations, and lack of exploration of psychological mechanisms and neural basis of this phenomenon. Although some researchers have used psychological distance hypothesis to explain their research results, the manipulation of psychological distance in their experiment are still too simple to form a general theoretical model. In recent years, we have found in a series of studies that： The asymmetry in self-other differences in decision-making exist under gain and loss situations; Manipulation of psychological distance is more effective in inducing self-other differences in decision-making than manipulation of social distance and decision-makers＇ roles; Self-esteem levels of decision-makers affect self-other differences in decision-making. Future studies should further explore the essence of psychological distance, the change in psychological distance caused by reversal of decision-makers＇ role, as well as the brain mechanisms of self-other differences in decision-making.

关 键 词：自我-他人决策差异 风险偏好 心理距离 决策者角色 社会距离 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]