土壤熏蒸剂对土壤硝化、反硝化作用的影响  

Effects of soil fumigants on soil nitrification and denitrification

作　　者：燕平梅[1,2] 高贵喜[1] 曹坳程[2] 张腾[1] 李园[2] 王秋霞[2] 郭美霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院生物系,太原030012 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2014年第4期401-407,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：中国和意大利甲基溴替代技术合作项目;国家自然科学基金项目(40871131;31240009)资助

摘　　要：采用化学分析和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术,以大田威百亩、棉隆、溴甲烷、硫酰氟熏蒸100 d土壤为研究对象,探究土壤熏蒸对土壤硝化活性、反硝化活性及amoA基因型硝化型细菌、nirS基因型反硝化细菌群落结构影响。研究表明,威百亩、棉隆、硫酰氟熏蒸剂处理下,土壤硝化活性与对照无显著差异;而溴甲烷处理的硝化活性比对照降低13.19%,差异显著(P<0.05);熏蒸剂之间土壤硝化活性无显著差异。4种熏蒸剂之间以及与对照之间土壤反硝化活性无显著差异。4种熏蒸剂中溴甲烷处理土样amoA型硝化细菌多样性指数、均匀度显著低于对照土样和其他3种熏蒸剂处理土样;而丰富度指数无显著差异。威百亩、棉隆和硫酰氟熏蒸土样之间及与对照之间amoA型硝化细菌3种生态指数无明显差异。4种熏蒸剂处理土壤nirS型反硝化细菌多样性指数、均匀度与对照无显著差异(P>0.05);熏蒸剂之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。研究表明,溴甲烷对土壤硝化活性的抑制是通过抑制amoA型硝化细菌的多样性而实现,其他3种熏蒸剂对土壤硝化活性无显著影响。4种熏蒸剂对土壤反硝化活性无显著影响。Soil fumigants have been comprehensively used to control nematodes, weeds, soil-borne pathogens and insects in high value （cash） crop plantations. Though ideal pesticides are toxic only to target organisms, fumigants are a class of pesticides with broad biocidal ability thus affecting many non-target soil organisms, including nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. It may results in changed soil nitrification and denitrification. The aim of this study was to explore the proper application measures of fumigants by quantifying the effects of different soil fumigants on soil nitrification and denitrification in laboratory and field conditions. To investigate the effects of different soil fumigants on soil nitrogen transformation processes of nitrification and denitrification, chemical analysis and degeneration gradient gel electrophoresis technique （DGGE） were used. Soils fumigated with metham-sodium, dazomet, methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride for a period of 100 d were sampled and the effects of fumigation on soil nitrification and denitrification activities determined along with the community structures of amoA nitrification bacteria and nirS denitrifying bacteria. The results showed that compared with the control, no significant differences existed in nitrification activity of soils fumigated with metham-sodium, dazomet, sulfuryl fluoride. However, nitrification activity of soils fumigated with methyl bromide decreased by 13.19%, which was significant （P 〈 0.05） compared with the control. No significant differences existed among the four fumigants in terms of observed soil nitrification activity. There was also no significant difference in soil denitrification activity among the four fumigants and the control. Diversity index and evenness index of amoA nitrifying bacteria community of soil fumigated with methyl bromide were significantly lower than those of soils fumigated with the other three fumigants and the control. Richness index was not significantly different among all the treatments. The th

关 键 词：土壤熏蒸剂 硝化作用 反硝化作用 硝酸还原酶 反硝化还原酶 amoA型硝化细菌nirS型反 硝化细菌 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]