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作 者:赵轶峰[1]
机构地区:[1]东北师范大学亚洲文明研究院
出 处:《史学月刊》2014年第4期52-61,共10页Journal of Historical Science
基 金:国家社会科学基金一般项目"十五至十九世纪世界变迁中的中国社会发展模式研究"(09BZS004)的阶段性成果
摘 要:隆庆帝即位诏书表达了重新审定嘉靖新礼的方针,公布了旨在更改嘉靖时期弊政的诸多政策措施,为张居正改革做了铺垫。万历即位诏标榜遵守成宪,但实际已铺开张居正改革的基本方向。泰昌帝即位诏重申万历遗诏公布的一些政令,但并未表达出恢复行政能力的魄力与意图,其蠲免赋税的条款缺乏实惠。天启帝即位诏大致重复泰昌帝即位诏而略做补充,明显露出没落颓势。崇祯帝即位诏多达50款,注意收拢各界人心,但并不具有恢复气象。明代历朝皇帝即位诏书皆为国家政治运行至重要节点的重要政策文本,以内阁为主的士大夫曾多次试图通过即位诏书调整前代皇帝推行或累积形成的弊政,甚至借机限制皇权或推行改革,因而即位诏背后常隐含着士大夫与皇权的博弈。The enthronement edict of emperor Longqing expressed his guideline to review and reform the new rituals of the Jiajing reign, promulgated many new measures and policies in purpose of eliminating ill governance of the Jiajing period,thus laid a foundation for subsequent reform administrated by Zhang Juzheng. The enthronement edict of emperor Wanli declared adherence to established rules, but in fact it ushered in the Zhang Juzheng reform. Emperor Taichang in his accession edict restated several policies decided by the will edict of emperor Wanli, yet did not show his ability and will of restoring governmental efficiency, tax exemption articles in his edict had little benefit to people in real sense. The enthronement edict of emperor Tianqi roughly restated what emperor Taichang said in his accession edict with some supplements, decaying of royal power was clearly revealed in it. The enthronement edict of emperor Chongzhen, which has fifty clauses, aimed at restoring social support, but had little effect. All throne succeeding edicts are key documents in understanding the court politics and political culture of the Ming dynasty. The scholar-officials represented by the Grand Secretariat usually took the opportunities of drafting the throne succeeding edicts to change existing bad policies, even tried to limit royal power and carry out reforms, so what behind the enthronement edict is a covered struggle between scholar-officials and imperial power.
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