当代“专家困境”的伦理解读与道德超越  

Ethical Interpretation and Moral Transcendence of Contemporary Expert System Dilemma

作　　者：张彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学思想政治理论教学科研部,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2014年第4期61-66,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金课题(11CZX056);浙江省社科基金项目(11ZJQN036YB);浙江省2013钱江人才计划项目(QJC1302012)

摘　　要：当前,科学主义是主流话语体系的重要组成部分,成为影响到专家决策的背景认知观。同时,现代科技的技术风险、经济风险和伦理风险及其背后的知识博弈、利益博弈和道德博弈等也要求我们必须反思现代专家系统的各种困境及其出路。一般说来,当前专家系统主要面临专家界定的模糊性、专业权威的挑战性、专家决策的风险性三大困境,并遭遇到利益、良知、责任、认同等多种价值排序和伦理拷问。因此,从伦理学的角度对专家困境进行解读,引入道德过滤器对于专家界定的考量、道德想象力对于专家权威的分析、道德运气对专家决策的责任甄别将有助于我们更好地诠释专家系统的现代境遇,从而实现专家困境在政府、市场、公共领域之间的结构平衡和道德超越。Scientism, which exerts a great impact on experts＇ decisions, is a significant component of main stream discourse system in contemporary society. At the same time, it requires us to reconsider the dilemma and its outlet of contemporary expert systems in face of technology, economic and ethical risks of modern technology and knowledge, benefit and moral games behind it. Generally speaking, contemporary expert system encounters three main dilemmas, namely vague demarcation, authoritative challenge and risky decision of experts. Besides, values ranking and ethics such as the sense of benefits, consciences, responsibilities and self-identity also give measurement to contemporary expert system. This thesis aims to interpret ex- pert system dilemma from ethical perspective and introduce the role of ethical screen as a consideration of expert demarcation, the function of moral imagination as an analysis of expert authority and the impact of moral luck as a responsible screening of expert decisions. It would be helpful for us to interpret the contemporary expert system dilemma so as to achieve the structural balance and moral transcendence of expert system dilemma among government, market and public area.

关 键 词：专家困境 道德过滤器 道德想象力 道德运气 科学主义 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]