畜粪沉积对贵州高原黑麦草╋白三叶草地养分和植被构成的影响  

Effects of animal dung deposition on grassland nutrients and botanical composition in mixed Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens pasture in Guizhou plateau

作　　者：孙红[1] 于应文[1] 马向丽[2] 牟晓明[1] 张红梅[1] 廖加法 侯扶江[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [3]贵州省威宁县贵州高原草地实验站,贵州威宁553100

出　　处：《草业科学》2014年第3期488-498,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：教育部留学回国人员45批科研启动基金;教育部"草地农业系统耦合与管理"创新团队;贵州省优秀教育人才省长专项资金项目(2011-17;2010-101)

摘　　要：2011年8月,对贵州高原黑麦草(Lolium perenne)+白三叶(Trifolium repens)草地的牛粪和羊粪沉积处和对照处土壤和牧草矿质成分、牧草营养价值、植被构成和牧草被家畜采食的程度进行定量分析,为草地管理提供实践依据。结果表明,主要矿质元素含量在土-草之间差异很大,因矿质种类和家畜种类不同而异;畜粪沉积降低或消除Na、K和Mn在土-草之间的正相关性,促进Cu和Zn在土-草之间正相关的形成。畜粪沉积对植被在植物种群和群落水平的影响随畜粪类型和分解阶段不同而异,粪沉积促进鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)和黑麦草生长,抑制白三叶生长,使牧草高度、生物量和黑麦草生殖枝率提高,整体营养价值下降。牛粪沉积对植被的影响比羊粪更明显。家畜对粪沉积处黑麦草和鸭茅的采食均低于对照,牛对粪沉积处植物的弃食程度比羊的高。草地管理中,实行牛、羊混牧,可提高草地利用率。The mineral elements of soils and herbages, nutritional values, botanical composition and herbage defoliation in dung deposition and control plots in mixed Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens pasture in Guizhou plateau were quantitatively monitored and systemically analyzed in August 2011. The results indicated that the difference of mineral elements contents between soils and herbages was great and varied with different elements and excretion types. The dung deposition of grazing animals decreased or eliminated the positive correlation between soils and herbage in Na, K, and Mn contents, whereas the dung deposition promoted positive correlation between soils and herbage in Cu and Zn contents. The effects of grazing animal dung deposition on botanical composition of grassland in plant population and community levels varied with patch types and different decomposing stages. Grazing animals dung deposition could promote tiller and growth of L.perenne of D.glomerata, inhibit growth of T.repens, increase height and biomass of herbage and reproductive shoots of L.perenne, and decrease the nutritional values of herbages. The effect of cow dung on botanical composition was more obvious than that of sheep dung. The defoliation of grazing animals for L. perenne and D.glomerata in dung deposition plots was lower than that in controls. The rejected defoliation level of cow in dung deposition plots was higher than that of sheep. The results suggested that the mixed grazing with sheep and cattle could reduce the herbage waste in dung deposition sites and improve the utilization rate of grassland in grassland practical management.

关 键 词：贵州高原 混播草地 粪沉积 土草养分 植被构成 采食 

分 类 号：S543.6[农业科学—作物学] S812.2