生草对渭北旱地苹果园土壤有机碳组分及微生物的影响  

Effects of inter-row planting grasses on soil organic carbon fractions and soil microbial community of apple orchard in Weibei dryland

作　　者：刘富庭[1] 张林森[1] 李雪薇[1] 李丙智[1] 韩明玉[1] 谷洁[2] 王晓琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2014年第2期355-363,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28);陕西省科技厅重大攻关项目(2011KTZB02-02-05);农业部公益性行业专项(Nyhyzx07-024)资助

摘　　要：在渭北旱地苹果园行间播种毛苕子(Vicia villosa)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和早熟禾(Poa pratensis),以清耕为对照,对0—100 cm土层的土壤有机碳各组分及微生物群落功能多样性进行研究。结果表明,行间生草可显著增加0—40 cm土层土壤的总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、轻质有机碳(LFOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和微生物量碳(MBC),豆科牧草毛苕子和白三叶的各有机碳含量总体上高于禾本科牧草黑麦草和早熟禾。其中在0—20 cm土层中,豆科牧草的TOC含量平均每年增加约1.2 g/kg,禾本科牧草每年增加约0.9 g/kg。生草处理的微生物群落碳源利用率(AWCD)、微生物群落Shannon指数(H)和微生物群落丰富度指数(S)均高于清耕处理,其中豆科牧草的微生物活性更高。因此,生草可以提高土壤有机碳各组分的含量、土壤微生物群落碳源利用率、微生物群落的丰富度和功能多样性,豆科牧草毛苕子和白三叶提高效应更加明显。bluegrass） soil layers community Two perennial legumes （hairy vetch and white clover ） and two perennial grasses （ryegrass and were sown in inter-rows of apple orchard in Weibei dryland. Soil samples were taken from 0 -100 cm to study the effects of planting grasses on various soil organic carbon fractions and soil microbial with clean tillage as control. Results showed that planting grasses could significantly increase soil total organic carbon content, particulate organic carbon content, light fraction organic carbon content, readily oxidizable organic carbon content, dissolved organic carbon content and microbial biomass carbon content in 0-40 cm soil layer. The contents of soil organic carbon fractions in perennial legume were mostly higher than perennial grass. Soil total organic carbon contents of perennial legume and perennial grass increased 1.2 g/（ kg · a） and 0.9 g/（ kg· a） in 0-20 cm soil layer, respectively. The AWCD, Shannon index （H） and Richness index （S） in the planting grass treatments were higher than the clean tillage, in which the microbial activity of perennial legume was higher. Therefore, growing grasses could improve soil organic carbon content, diversity of soil microbial community, the utilization rate of carbon source and richness of soil microbial community, in which perennial legumes （hairy vetch and white clover） increased more significantly.

关 键 词：苹果园 生草 土壤有机碳 活性有机碳 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]