高温处理与添加物料对蚓粪基质培育辣椒壮苗的影响  

Effect of high-temperature sterilization and materials addition of vermicompost-formulated substrate on capsicum seedling development

作　　者：赵海涛[1,2] 车玲[1,2] 姜薇[1,2] 朱燕红[1,2] 邱良祝 单玉华[1,2] 封克[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省扬州农业环境安全技术服务中心,江苏扬州225127 [2]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2014年第2期380-388,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31000939)资助;国家公益性农业行业科研专项(201103004)资助;江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2012432;BN2012039)资助;江苏省高校自然科学研究项目(12KJB210005)资助

摘　　要：蚓粪是蚯蚓处理有机固体废弃物的产物,具备替代泥炭作为蔬菜育苗基质材料的优良性质。蚓粪高温处理(120℃)后加入蛭石、尿素等物料复配成育苗基质,通过温室育苗和室内分析的手段,分析蚓粪中活性有机物和GA3、IAA的含量变化以及蚓粪基质培育辣椒幼苗的系统发育特征。结果表明:蚓粪高温处理过程增加了蚓粪中GA3含量,使活性有机物裂解成具有相同母核类极性更大的水溶性衍生物。无论是否高温处理,蚓粪育苗基质都有利于辣椒幼苗茎粗、株高、展宽、叶片数、根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、鲜(干)重和壮苗指数的提高,但会导致辣椒幼苗叶片叶绿素含量的减小。蚓粪添加蛭石和高温处理后育苗能够增大辣椒幼苗根直径。高温处理蚓粪中添加蛭石(蚓粪∶蛭石=4∶1,V∶V)和尿素(0.50 kg/m3)有利于提高辣椒幼苗成苗率,增加鲜干物质累积,促进茎叶和根系的系统发育,增大壮苗指数。可见,蚓粪高温处理后与蛭石按4∶1体积比均匀混合后用于辣椒育苗,最能提升辣椒幼苗的各项指标,形成壮苗。Vermicompost has been proved to have a beneficial effect on vegetable seedling development by many previous studies and can be used as a potential substitute for peat in nursery substrate production. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of high-temperature sterilization and materials addition of vermicompost- formulated substrate on the contents of biologically active substances and capsicum seedling development, and thus to provide a scientific basis for industrial production and effectiveness evaluation of vermicompost-formulated substrate. The vermicompost, obtained through earthworm digestion of cow manure, was sterilized with high- temperature （ 120℃ ） and used to formulate nursery substrate with the addition of vermiculite and urea, the growth parameters of capsicum seedlings and the contents of biologically active substances （ e. g. GA3 and IAA） in the substrate were measured under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. The results show that the GA3 content in vermicompost under the high temperature sterilization is increased, and the active organic matters are degraded into derivatives which have the similar atomic group and are more polarized and water soluble. The vermicompost- formulated substrate and the high-temperature sterilization processing improve many growth parameters of capsicum seedlings including stem diameter, plant height, leaf expansion, number of leaves, root diameter, root length, root surface area, root volume, number of root tips, fresh/dry weight and strong seedling index, and reduce the chlorophyll content of capsicum seedlings. Based the data obtained in this study, the optimized formulation ofnursery substrate for capsicum seedling development is： high-temperature sterilized vermicompost ＋ vermiculite （4 vermicompost ： 1 vermiculite, v ： v） ＋ urea （0. 50 kg/m3）.

关 键 词：辣椒幼苗 蚓粪基质 高温灭菌 生产工艺 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]