运输机飞行员营养调查及指导建议  

Nutrition survey among airline aviators and suggestions on their diets

作　　者：侯祥红[1] 李瑜[2] 陆龙[2] 殷伟[2] 段涛 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学营养与食品卫生学教研室 [2]中国人民解放军95810部队卫生队 [3]空军襄樊干休所

出　　处：《空军医学杂志》2013年第4期201-202,205,共3页Medical Journal of Air Force

摘　　要：目的调查某空军基地运输机飞行员的营养状况,为指导飞行员的合理膳食提供科学依据。方法按照GJBI636-93《军队膳食营养调查方法》,采取称重法对该部队的膳食结构和营养水平进行调查,并对飞行员的体检指标进行评价。结果受检飞行员每日人均摄入总能量为17 433 kJ,其中蛋白质、脂肪、糖类分别占12%,48%,40%。粮食、蔬菜、水果、脏腑、鱼虾等食物摄入不足;畜肉、植物油摄入量超过标准。身体质量指数：超重和肥胖飞行员占37%左右。体检结果显示,受检飞行员中15%有脂肪肝,5%有高胆固醇,15%有高三酰甘油,8%有高血压,大多数患者为45~55岁。结论该基地飞行员膳食结构不尽合理,建议增加粮食、蔬菜、牛奶、水果等食物的供给,减少畜肉和植物油的供给,改进烹调方法,均衡饮食,加强身体锻炼,以增强体质,减少高血压、高三酰甘油血症、高胆固醇疾病的发生,提高部队的战斗力。Objective We intended to investigate the nutritional status of transport aviators in an Air Force Base and provide a scientific basis for guiding aviators with a reasonable diet. Methods According to the ＂Army Dietary Survey Methods＂（GJBI636-93）,weighing method was used to investigate the dietary pattern and nutritional level,and the physical examination parameters were also analyzed.Results The daily intake of total energy for each subject was 17 433 kJ,including 12% for protein,48% for fat,40% for carbohydrate.The intake of grain, vegetable oil,fruits,organs,fish and other food was insufficient,but the intake of meat and vegetables exceeded the standard.The number of overweight and obese aviators,which was assayed by body mass index,was about 37%.Physical examination results showed that 15% of the aviators had fatty liver,5% had high cholesterol,15% had high triglycerides,and 8% had hypertension,most of whom were distributed among the aviators from 45 to 55 years old. Conclusion The dietary pattern is not reasonable.It is recommended to increase the supply of grain,vegetables,milk,fruits and reduce meat and vegetable oils.It is suggested that cooking methods should be improved and balanced diets should be provided and physical exercises should be enhanced.When the aviators enhance their physical fitness and reduce the incidence of high blood pressure,hypertriglyceridemia,high cholesterol disease,combat effectiveness can also be strengthed.

关 键 词：飞行员 膳食 体质指数 

分 类 号：R851.8[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]