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作 者:马尚宇[1] 于振文[1] 石玉[1] 赵俊晔[2] 张永丽[1]
机构地区:[1]山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081
出 处:《应用生态学报》2014年第4期997-1005,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目(31171498;31101115);农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-19)资助
摘 要:以高产冬小麦品种济麦22为材料,研究不同灌溉畦长对小麦旗叶水势、光合特性和干物质积累与分配的影响.2010—2011年小麦生长季设置畦长为10(L10)、20(L20)、40(L40)、60(L60)、80(L80)和100 m(L100)的6个处理,2011—2012年和2012—2013年设置畦长为40(L40)、60(L60)、80(L80)和100 m(L100)的4个处理.结果表明:2010—2011年生长季开花期0~200 cm土层平均土壤相对含水量为L80、L60>L100>L40>L20>L10,2011—2012年和2012—2013年为L80、L60>L100>L40.开花后11 d和21 d,旗叶水势、净光合速率和蒸腾速率均为L80、L100>L60>L40>L20、L10;花后31 d为L80>L60、L100>L40、L20、L10.L80各区间开花期和成熟期干物质积累量及籽粒产量变异系数小于L100,平均干物质积累量及开花后干物质积累量和对籽粒产量的贡献率显著高于L100、L40、L20和L10,平均籽粒产量和水分利用效率显著高于其他处理,是本试验条件下节水高产的最优畦长处理.With the high-yielding winter wheat cuhivar Jimai 22 as test material, a three-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of border length for irrigation on flag leaf water po- tential, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution of wheat. In the 2010-2011 growing season, six treatments were installed, i. e. , the field border length was de- signed as 10 m (Llo), 20 m (L2o), 40 m (L4o), 60 m (L6o), 80 m (Lso) and 100 m (Lloo). In the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons, the field border length was designed as 40 m (L40) , 60 m (L60), 80 m (L80) and 100 m (L100 ). The results showed that the average relative soil water content of the 0-200 cm soil layer was presented as Lso, L6o 〉L100 〉L40 〉L20 〉L10 at anthesis in the 2010-2011 growing season and as L80, L60〉L100〉L4oin the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. At 11 d and 21 d after anthesis, the water potential, net photosynthetic rate and transpira- tion rate of flag leaf were presented as Lso, Lloo 〉L6o 〉L4o 〉LEo, Llo, and as Lso 〉L6o, Lloo 〉L4o, L2o, L^o at 31 d after anthesis. The coefficients of variability both of the dry matter accumulation at anthe- sis and maturity and of grain yield in different regions of Lso field were lower than those of Lloo. The average dry matter accumulation, dry matter accumulation after anthesis and the contribution to grain of Lso were dramatically higher than those of L100, L40, LEO and Llo- Lso had the highest average grain yield and water use efficiency, being the best treatment for irrigation in our study.
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