“泛分工论”与唯物史观的最初表述--析望月清司“《德意志意识形态》中的两种分工、两种史论”说  

Generalizing Division Theory and Initially Expression of Historical Materialism: Analysis of Seiji Mochizuki's Theory of Two Division and Two History in The German Ideology

作　　者：郑如[1] 姚顺良[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系 [2]南京大学马克思主义社会理论研究中心

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2014年第4期52-57,74,共7页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“第二国际时期马克思主义哲学范式的变形和分化”(11JJD710011)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：日本学者望月清司在其代表作《马克思历史理论的研究》中,从广松涉的"分担论"出发,提出在《德意志意识形态》中存在着马克思的"分工展开史论"同恩格斯的"所有形态史论"之间的对立。我们认为,这种说法是建立在对《德意志意识形态》文本的曲解上的,是完全站不住脚的。实际上,从"分工展开"对历史的论述,恰恰是为了揭示"所有形态"的历史演变;用泛化的"分工"范畴说明一系列重大社会现象的本质和根源,只是基于进一步解释"生产力决定交往形式"、"市民社会决定国家和法、意识形态"之根本规律的具体实现机制的需要。因此,"泛分工论"不过是马克思恩格斯在"经济学知识不足"的情况下阐释唯物史观基本原理时的一种最初表述方式。望月清司对《德意志意识形态》的曲解,归根结底是为了将马克思的历史理论矮化为市民社会的经验描述,把马克思改塑成"斯密+韦伯",把科学的社会主义偷换为自由主义。In his The Study on the Historical Theory of Marx, Seiji Mochizuki proposed there is an opposition between Marx＇ s ＂history theory of labor division＂ and Engels＇ ＂history theory of Ownership＂, which based on the two division theory in The German Ideology. In my opinion, it is misinterpretation of the text. In fact, the purpose of discussing history in way of labor division is to reveal the history of Ownership evolution. It is in need of further explanation of the specific imple- mentation mechanism in fundamental law, such as ＂Productivity deciding the formation of contacts＂, ＂civil society determining nation, law and ideology＂, that explaining the nature and causes of a se- ries of major social phenomena with the generalization of ＂division of labor＂. Therefore, generalizing division theory is the initially expression of historical materialism when Marx and Engels lack knowl- edge of economics. It is also because of this, Marx abandoned it in the process of political economy criticism. And it was replaced by the more mature domain the personification of the relationship between subject and object conditions of production. Seiji Mochizuki＇ s misinterpretation of The Ger- man Ideology, is ultimately dwarfing Marx＇ s Historical Materialism as civil society described, shaped Marx as Smith ＆ Weber, changed scientific socialism as liberalism.

关 键 词：《德意志意识形态》 望月清司 分工 唯物史观 市民社会 自由主义 

分 类 号：B313.7[哲学宗教—外国哲学]