细胞壁在植物抗营养逆境中的作用及其分子生理机制  

The Role of Cell Wall in Plant Resistance to Nutritional Stresses and the Underlying Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms

作　　者：郑绍建[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2014年第4期334-341,共8页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号:30830076);国家自然科学基金(批准号:30170548;3057113);国家杰出青年科学基金(批准号:30625026);"长江学者和创新团队发展计划"(批准号:IRT1185);教育部长江学者奖励计划;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助

摘　　要：营养逆境是指土壤中必需营养元素供应不足或元素含量过剩的现象,这种现象在世界范围内非常普遍,可导致作物减产和品质下降,因此,深入解析植物应对这种逆境的机制对提高作物产量、改善品质至关重要,也对保证农业生产的健康可持续发展意义重大.铝毒是限制酸性土壤上作物生产的主要因素,而镉又是重要的重金属污染元素.鉴于细胞壁是接触和响应环境因子的第一道屏障,也是结合金属离子的主要部位.结合本实验室近年来取得的一些研究成果,从细胞壁中的果胶、半纤维素组成及其修饰以及可能参与其中的相关基因等方面综述了细胞壁在植物抗铝和镉胁迫中的作用及其分子生理机制,以期引起对该领域更多的关注.Nutritional stresses include nutrient deficiency when the supply of certain essential nutrient is not enough and elemental toxicity when content of an element is too much in the soils （these kinds of soils are also referred to as problem soils）, which is a widespread problem reducing crop production and the quality of the harvest. To understand the mechanisms of how plants adapt to the nutritional stresses is fundamental to increasing yield and improving quality of crops grown on these problem soils and is important to the sustainability of agricultural production. Aluminum toxicity is one of the key factors limiting crop production in acidic soils, and cadmium is one of the most serious heavy metal pollutants. Cell wall is the first barrier to contact and respond to various unfavorable environmental factors, and also the major site to fix cations in plant cells. In this review, in the context of our achievements in the last 10 years, we summarize the recent developments leading to better understanding of the roles of pectin and hemicellulose and their modifications in plant resistance to aluminum and cadmium toxicity. We hope this review will evoke researchers＇ attention to the role of cell wall in plant adapfion to various nutritional stresses.

关 键 词：细胞壁 果胶 半纤维素 铝 镉 

分 类 号：Q942[生物学—植物学]