1958～2002年洪河国家级自然保护区浓江河水文情势变化分析  

Change of Hydrological Regime of Nongjiang River in Honghe National Nature Reserve during 1958-2002

作　　者：闫丹丹[1,2] 栾兆擎[1] 徐莹莹[1] 王忠欣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《湿地科学》2014年第2期251-256,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001050);国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2009CB421103);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2012ZX07201004)资助

摘　　要：20世纪80年代，由于大规模的农业开发等人类活动，导致浓江上游截流，直接影响了洪河国家级自然保护区的水文情势。以别拉洪水文监测站1958~2002年和浓江水文监测站1980--1989年的月径流量和月降水量为基础数据，利用别拉洪站与浓江站的月径流量间的经验关系模型，估算浓江站其他年份的月径流量，得到浓江站多年平均年径流总量为2.31×10^8m3。浓江站年径流量小波分析结果显示，在1958~1980年期间，浓江站的年径流量变化有准10a的周期，计算出1958~1980年期间浓江站在丰水年（1962年）、平水年（1965年）和枯水年（1967年）的年径流量和水位，根据河道比降，推算出洪河保护区浓江河段1962年、1965年和1967年所对应水位分别是52．71m、52．49m和52．11m，2012年实测的洪河国家级自然保护区浓江河段的平均水位为51．70m，与1962年、1965年和1967年的水位相比，2012年的洪河国家级自然保护区浓江河段的水位平均下降了0．74m。利用数字高程模型，模拟了浓江河不同水位下洪河国家级自然保护区的洪水淹没面积和沼泽蓄水量，结果表明，洪河保护区沼泽蓄水量平均减少了0．51×10^8m3这些研究结果可以为保护区湿地恢复提供借鉴。The evolution of hydrological regime of the wetlands would change the characteristics of the wet- land ecosystem. Due to the intense agricultural development and human activities in the Nongjiang River ba- sin, the original natural and open hydrological cycle has been changed into an isolated hydrological unit since the 1980s. The cutting off of wetland water supply results in the shortage of water resource and drop of water level of the Nongjiang River in the Honghe National Nature Reserve, finally leads to the degradation of the wetland ecosystem. Due to the hydrological alteration, the type and area of wetland ecosystem have changed greatly; the area of wet meadow becomes the main wetland type while the marshes are continuing to decrease in the reserve. With the present degradation rate, the marshes in the reserve would disappear within 30 years. Therefore, it is important to study change of hydrological regime of the wetlands in order to prevent the wet- land ecosystem from continuing degradation. This research is based on the data of monthly runoffs and precip- itations of the Bielahong hydrological monitoring station during 1958-2002 and Nongjiang hydrological moni- toring station from 1958 to 2002. To illustrate the alteration of original hydrological regime and explore the ex- tent of degradation of the wetlands, the empirical model was employed to estimate the monthly runoff of Non- gjiang hydrological monitoring station in the reserve. The result showed that average total annual runoff of Nongj iang hydrological monitoring station was 2.31 x 108 m3. The method of wavelet analysis was used to ana- lyze the flood frequency of the Nongjiang River and it showed a characteristic period of about 10 years for an- nual runoff in the reserve. The corresponding runoff and the water level of the Nongjiang River were obtained in wet years （1962）, normal year （1965） and dry year （1967）. According to the channel slope, the water level of Nongjiang River in the reserve was 52.71 m, 52.49 m and 52.ll m resp

关 键 词：沼泽 径流 淹没分析 洪河国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：X14[环境科学与工程—环境科学]