农村留守儿童及非留守儿童的心理行为特点及干预对策  

Investigation and comparison of psychological and behavioral characteristics of rural left-behind children and un-left-behind children and the intervention countermeasures

作　　者：冯璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学师范学院,辽宁沈阳110044

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2014年第13期2027-2029,共3页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

摘　　要：目的:农村留守儿童及非留守儿童的心理行为特点及干预对策。方法:随机抽取两地4所中小学校485名学生进行问卷调查。对留守儿童及非留守儿童的EPQ原始分及MHT检出率进行对比,并对留守儿童实施心理干预,将其心理干预前、后MHT得分进行对比。结果:留守儿童神经质倾向及情绪稳定倾向调查得分分别为(5.21±3.78)分,(12.09±2.15)分。均显著高于非留守儿童的(3.12±2.51)分,(9.89±5.21)分;掩饰倾向得分为(10.21±4.67)分,显著低于非留守儿童组的(13.52±4.29)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。留守儿童学习焦虑、对人焦虑、孤独倾向、身体症状比率及总焦虑倾向分别占比24.62%、29.92%、37.12%、16.29%,32.95%。显著高于非留守儿童组的4.82%、7.83%、12.65%、4.22%、10.24%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对留守儿童实施心理干预后,其MHT各项测验得分及总焦虑得分均显著低于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:农村留守儿童与非留守儿童对比,心理稳定性更差,出现心理问题的比例更高。通过对其实施心理干预,可有效改善及治疗其心理问题,具有积极意义,值得推荐。Objective： To investigate and compare psychological and behavioral characteristics of rural left - behind children and un - left - behind children, explore the intervention countermeasures. Methods： Two natural villages were selected as study points. A total of 485 students were randomly selected from four primary and secondary schools in the two natural villages, a questionnaire investigation was performed. EPQ raw scores and MHT detection rate were compared between left - behind children and un - left - behind children; psycho- logical intervention was conducted among the left - behind children, MHT scores before and after psychological intervention were compared. Results ： The scores of neuroticism and emotional stability in left - behind children were （ 5.21 ± 3.78 ） points and （ 12. 09 ± 2. 15 ） points, respectively, which were statistically significantly higher than those in un - left - behind children [ （ 3. 12 ± 2.51 ） points and （ 9. 89±5.21 ） points ] （P 〈 0. 05 ） . The score of disguise in left- behind children was （10. 21 ±4. 67 ） points, which was statistically significantly lower than that in un - left - behind children [ （ 13.52 ±4. 29 ） points I （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . The proportions of learning anxiety, social anxiety, loneli- ness orientation, physical symptoms of anxiety tendencies ratio and total anxiety orientation in left - behind children accounted for 24. 62% , 29. 92%, 37. 12% , 16. 29% and 32. 95%, respectively, which were statistically significantly higher than those in un - left - behind chil- dren [4. 82%, 7.83%, 12. 65%, 4. 22% and 10. 24% ] （P 〈 0. 05） . After psychological intervention, MHT scores and total anxiety score in left - behind children was statistically significantly lower than that before psychological intervention （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion ： Compared with un - left - behind children, the mental stability of left - behind children is poor, the proportion of psychological problems is higher. Psychological interventi

关 键 词：农村 留守儿童 心理 行为 干预 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]