汉语含结果性成分小句中的信息重组机制  

The mechanism of the information restructuring of Mandarin Chinese clauses containing a resultative element

作　　者：曹道根[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学东方学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2014年第3期195-210,287,共16页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(11&ZD088)"基于逻辑视域的认知研究";国家社科基金一般项目(09BYY002)"语义参照下的汉语生成句法研究";教育部人文社科一般项目(12YJA740093)"汉语含结果性成分小句中的信息重组机制研究"的阶段性成果;;浙江财经大学2012年度杰出中青年教师人才工程资助

摘　　要：汉语小句中的宾语成分和结果性成分都分布在动词之后、都可以成为常规焦点。受单一常规焦点原则和单一普通重音规则制约,两者若共现,小句发生信息重组。这种信息重组机制表现为一定语义限制下的相关句法操作。小句中单一常规焦点通常为非预设且接受常规重音的句末成分。句末宾语成分若为话语预设成分,则发生宾语去重读及默认重读现象,普通重音转移至结果性成分之上,结果性成分为唯一常规焦点;若结果性成分也轻读,则普通重音转移至核心动词之上,谓语动词为唯一常规焦点。单一常规焦点成分通过焦点投射构成小句的无标记焦点域。In Mandarin Chinese clauses,the object and the resultative element both occur postverbally and each of them can be a potential natural focus.Their co-occurrence in a clause gives rise to the socalled information restructuring under the one-natural-focus-per-clause or the one-normal-stress-perclause constraint.The mechanisms involved herein include a series of syntactic operations,explicit or implicit,in tandem with certain semantic restrictions.The only natural focus in a clause lies routinely in the sentence-final object that receives the normal stress and has a non-presupposed reading.In case that it has a presupposed reading,the object gets deaccented,resulting in default accentuation and a shift of the normal stress onto the resultative element,which then becomes the sole natural focus of the clause.If it happens that the object has a presupposed reading and at the same time the resultative element is prosodically attenuated,the normal stress will be shifted further leftward onto the predicate verb,which consequently becomes the sole natural focus of the clause.The entire predicate of a clause constitutes the unmarked focus domain through the projection of the single natural focal element in the clause.

关 键 词：结果性成分 信息重组 无标记焦点 常规焦点 普通重音 动后限制 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]