基于健康体征信息的有氧耐力训练方法  

Method for aerobic endurance training based on healthy information

作　　者：王敬志[1] 马祖长[2,3,4] 孙怡宁[2] 曹庆庆[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学自动化系,合肥230026 [2]中国科学院合肥物质研究院,合肥230031 [3]江苏省体育科学研究所,南京210033 [4]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《北京生物医学工程》2014年第2期160-166,178,共8页Beijing Biomedical Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAH14F01)资助

摘　　要：目的建立基于健康体征信息的有氧耐力训练指导方案，以提高训练效率、减少运动损伤、控制运动心血管风险，提升军校体能训练的科学性与系统性。方法随机择109位男性学员，观测3个月。行心血管风险评估、心血管功能、肺功能、骨强度和有氧耐力测试，收集健康体征信息，并按照训练前有氧耐力测试结果分组：最差组（最大摄氧量最小的30％）、较差组（最大摄氧量中间的30％）和正常组（最大摄氧量最大的40％）。对最差组和较差组进行干预指导训练，正常组按传统方案指导训练。结果训练后3个组心肺有氧耐力水平均显著提高（P〈0．01），而干预指导训练的两组，有氧耐力提高的幅度约是正常组的2～4倍，3次心血管功能和肺功能测试指标变化显著（P〈0．05），其中部分指标训练前后有显著性差异（P〈0．05），运动中骨折发生率比正常组低。结论基于健康体征信息的有氧耐力训练指导方案能显著提高学员的有氧耐力水平，并能减少运动损伤。训练期间可考虑以心血管和肺功能的测量，间接评估心肺功能的改善程度。Objective We conduct aerobic endurance training guidelines based on healthy information in order to improve training efficiency, reduce sport injuries, control the cardiovascular risk of movement, and promote the scientificity and systematicness of fitness training. Methods We selected 109 male students randomly to observe for 3 months. Firstly they went with cardiovascular risk assessment, heart, lung function, bone strength and aerobic endurance test to collect healthy information. According to aerobic endurance level before training,we divided the subjects into aerobic endurance worst group（ the minimum 30% of the Vo ） , poor group（the middle 30% of the Vo ） and the normal group （the maximum 40% of the Vo ）. Then we gave intervention to guide training in the first two groups and the normal group was guided training in accordance with the traditional scheme. We evaluated the scientifieity and efficiency of intervention guidelines through cardiopulmonary function monitoring. Results All the participants improved greatly after training （P〈0.05）. The intervention effect on the students of aerobic endurance worst group and poor group was good, and the improvement was 1 to 3 times more than that of the normal group. The difference of the index in the three cardiovascular function and pulmonary function tests changed significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ）. And fracture incidencewas lower than the normal group. Conclusions The aerobic endurance training guidance scheme based on healthy information can significantly improve the students＇ aerobic stamina level, with cardiovascular and pulmonary ventilation function improved, and can reduce sports injury. We suggest cardiovascular function and pulmonary function tests in the training in order to indirectly assess the improvement of cardiopulmonary endurance.

关 键 词：体能训练 心肺功能 有氧耐力 运动负荷试验 干预 

分 类 号：R318.04[医药卫生—生物医学工程]