不同牙科金属材料致敏性的比较  

Comparative study of sensitivity of different dental metal materials

作　　者：刘月[1] 王晓萍[2] 吴斌[1] 胡跃[3] 窦侠[3] 孙红英[1] 丁亚通 张欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属华山医院口腔科,上海200040 [2]烟台毓璜顶医院口腔科,山东烟台264000 [3]复旦大学附属华山医院皮肤科,上海200040

出　　处：《上海口腔医学》2014年第2期143-148,共6页Shanghai Journal of Stomatology

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(10411950900)~~

摘　　要：目的:比较分析牙科金属材料的致敏性,为今后科学选择牙科金属材料提供指导。方法:对92例口腔内含金属修复体的受试者进行斑贴试验。采用SPSS 17.0软件包对相关数据进行Pearsonx^2检验、校正的x^2检验和Fisher确切概率检验。结果:①不同金属材料的过敏率不同,镍(Ni)的过敏率最高22.8%,铝(Al)的过敏率为0。②对钯(Pd)和镍(Ni)过敏者中,女性多于男性,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。③女性中,穿耳者镍(Ni)的阳性率较高,但穿耳与镍(Ni)过敏无相关关系(P>0.05)。④钯(Pd)和镍(Ni)之间存在交叉过敏,对钯(Pd)过敏者中,83.3%对镍(Ni)过敏;对镍(Ni)过敏者中,47.6%对钯(Pd)过敏。⑤斑贴试验可出现迟发反应。结论:牙科金属材料具有一定的过敏率,女性对钯(Pd)和镍(Ni)的过敏率显著高于男性。斑贴试验可出现迟发反应,必要时可观察96 h、7 d甚至更长时间的结果,以排除假阴性。PURPOSE： To compare the sensitivity of different dental metal materials, in order to provide references for choosing of dental metal materials. METHODS： Patch test was performed on 92 patients wearing dental metal prosthesis. Pearson Chisquare test, corrected Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis with SPSS17.0 software package. RESULTS： ①The sensitivity rates of different metal materials were different. The allergy rate of nickel （Ni） was the highest （22.8%）, while the allergy rate of aluminum （Al） was 0. ②More women were allergic to both palladium （Pd） and nickel （Ni） than men with significant difference （P〉0.05）. ③Women with ear piercing were more allergic to nickel （Ni）, but there was no significant correlation between ear piercing and nickel allergy （P〉0.05）.④There was cross reaction between nickel（Ni）and palladium （Pd）, 83.3% of palladium （Pd） allergy patients were allergic to nickel （Ni）, while 47.6% of nickel （Ni） allergy patients were allergic to palladium （Pd）. ⑤Patch test had a delayed reaction. CONCLUSIONS： Dental metal materials have certain allergies, women are more allergic to both palladium （Pd） and nickel （Ni） than men, with significant difference. Patch test may have a delayed reaction. If necessary, observation for 96 h, 7 days or even longer time, are needed to exclude false positivity.

关 键 词：牙科金属材料 斑贴试验 过敏反应 

分 类 号：R783.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]