上海市某区居民粮食制品重金属铅、镉暴露评估  

Evaluation on exposure of grains to lead and cadmium in a district of Shanghai

作　　者：赵黎芳[1] 王支兰[2] 杨胜琴[1] 黄向荣[1] 成玉萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心,上海201101 [2]上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心,上海201800

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第9期1581-1584,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的通过粮食制品铅、镉污染物含量,结合居民膳食消费量调查,分析通过粮食制品对铅、镉的摄入量,评估居民摄入粮食制品暴露的水平及安全性。方法每季按随机原则抽取3类市售粮食制品,检测铅和镉的含量,结合居民相应的食品消费量,应用JECFA规定的暂定每月镉允许摄入量(PTMI)和暂定每周铅允许摄入量(PTWI)进行食品暴露安全性评估。结果 3类粮食制品铅检出率65.75%,镉检出率83.62%;合格率都是100%。大米中铅均值0.026 mg/kg,镉均值为0.010 1 mg/kg。铅的日均值摄入量为0.006 35 mg/kg,占PTW I2.91%,镉的日均值摄入量为0.002 4 mg/kg,占PTMI 4.81%,大米中铅和镉的暴露的贡献率达80%以上;不同性别组及年龄组间铅和镉摄入量占PTMI和PTWI比例有差异,60岁及以上男性都最高。结论本区15岁以上居民粮食制品镉摄入量高于铅,但仍处于安全水平。建立常规监测和重点监测相结合的监测评估体系,有效治理污染和修复环境;强化暴露评估研究,建立简便适宜的暴露评估模型;开展重金属暴露与健康效应的研究。Objective To detect the contaminant contents of lead （Pb） and cadmium （Cd） in grain, then combining with dietary con- sumption survey, to analyze residents＇ intake of Pb and Cd from grains and their products, and evaluate the exposure and its safety. Methods We sampled randomly from three kinds of grains and their products from the market in Minhang district, and tested the contents of lead and cadmium. Then combining with food consumption, we evaluated the safety of the exposure using the Pb tenta- tive provisional tolerable weekly intake （P＇la^I） and Cd tentative provisional tolerable monthly intake （PTMI） of JECFA. Results The positive rate of Pb in three kinds of grains and their products was 65.75%, the positive rate of Pb was 83.62%, both the rate of quali- fication were 100%. The average Pb content of rice was the 0.026mg/kg and 0.0101mg/kg for Cd, which were the highest in three kinds of grains and their products; The average daily intake of Pb for residents was 0.006 35mg/kg, accounting for 2.91% of PTMI. And the average daily intake of Cd for residents was 0.002 4mg/kg, accounting for 4.81% of PTMI. Of the three kinds of food, rice contributed about 80% of the exposure of Pb and Cd; The rates of intake accounting for PTWI of Pb and PTMI of Cd were different, and males aged more than 60 had the highest. Conclusion The intake of Cd is higher than Pb from grains and their products for residents aged more than 15, but both are still safe. It should establish routine monitoring and focus on monitoring and evaluation system, effectively conduct pollution control and environmental restoration; enhance exposure assessment studies, establish appro- priate exposure assessment model; conduct studies about heavy metal exposure and health effects.

关 键 词：粮食制品 铅 镉 膳食摄入 暴露评估 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]