基于断路器零阻抗特性的PMU量测状态估计方法  

State estimation based on PMU measurements considering zero-impedance characteristics of circuit breaker

作　　者：陈亮[1] 毕天姝[1] 薛安成[1] 杨奇逊[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学新能源电力系统国家重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《电力自动化设备》2014年第5期105-110,共6页Electric Power Automation Equipment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(2012-CB215206);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51222703);高等学校博士点基金资助项目(20120036110009);"111"项目(B08013)~~

摘　　要：互感器和通信系统噪声使得相量测量单元(PMU)量测量存在随机误差,使得PMU无法准确监测系统动态过程,因此提出一种动态过程中基于PMU量测的状态估计方法。针对故障后网络拓扑改变,集中式状态估计不再可行的问题,提出适用于动态过程的分布式状态估计框架;基于零阻抗特性构造了断路器状态未知情况下的非线性虚拟量测方程,进一步提升冗余度;建立了动态过程中计及断路器零阻抗虚拟量测的状态估计模型,推导了雅可比矩阵的具体形式,并采用非线性加权最小二乘(NWLS)对模型进行求解。仿真分析表明该方法不但能够对节点电压相量和断路器电流相量进行估计,同时能够确定状态未知断路器的开合状态,同时算法满足应用的实时性要求。The random errors of PMU （Phasor Measurement Unit） measurements due to the noises existing in transformers and communication system make the precise monitoring of power system during dynamic process impossible. A method of state estimation based on the PMU measurements during dynamic process is proposed,which adopts the distributed state estimation instead of the centralized state estimation due to the change of grid topology because of the fault,establishes the suppositional nonlinear measurement functions for the circuit breakers with unknown states based on the zero-impedance characteristics to further improve the redundancy,builds the dynamic process state estimation model including the suppositional measurements of circuit breakers,deduces the detailed form of Jacobin matrix,and applies the NWLS （Nonlinear Weighted Least Square） to solve the model. The simulative analysis shows that,satisfying the real-time requirement,the proposed method not only estimates the phasors of node voltage and breaker current,but also determines the open-close state of breakers.

关 键 词：断路器 状态估计 动态过程 零阻抗特性 相量测量单元 

分 类 号：TM711[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]