超临界CO_2萃取脱皮菜籽饼粕油脂的可行性  

Feasibility of extraction of oil from dehulled rapeseed cake using supercritical CO_2

作　　者：万楚筠[1] 胡双喜 李文林[1] 邓乾春[1] 黄凤洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,武汉430062 [2]油料脂质化学与营养湖北省重点实验室,武汉430062

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第9期272-278,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD49G00);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13)

摘　　要：为提高脱皮双低菜籽低温压榨饼的附加值,采用Box-Behnken响应面设计优化超临界CO2萃取脱皮双低菜籽低温压榨饼中油脂的工艺,研究萃取压力、温度和时间对油脂提取率的影响,并对萃取得到的油和粕的品质进行检测。结果表明:萃取温度对油脂提取率的影响显著(P<0.05);萃取压力和时间对油脂提取率的影响极显著(P<0.001),且交互作用非常显著(P<0.01);最佳工艺参数为萃取温度40℃、压力28 MPa和时间120 min,此条件下菜籽油的提取率为95.08%。超临界萃取的油色泽较浅,酸价与过氧化值都优于正已烷工艺,磷脂质量分数为0.051 mg/g约是正已烷工艺的1/32,维生素E和总酚含量较高;超临界萃取的脱脂粕蛋白溶解度高,颜色较浅,硫甙含量较少,品质明显优于正已烷脱脂粕。研究结果可为脱皮双低菜籽低温压榨饼的高值化利用提供数据参考。The double-low rapeseed contains ≤2%erucic acid in its oil and ≤35μmol/g of dry meal. The oil of double-low rapeseed contains very low levels of saturated fatty acids （6%）, high levels of oleic acid （≥60%）, and intermediate levels of linoleic and linolenic acids （20%and 10%, respectively）. Because of its higher oil content and numerous agricultural advantages, double-low rapeseed is getting worldwide attention. The rapeseed oil, which was extracted by a traditional process with pre-press and solvent extraction, is of bad quality. Commercial hexane, which has been used as a solvent for crude edible oil extraction, has toxicological and environmental safety issues. Carbon dioxide in its supercritical state has properties and extraction capacities very similar to liquids. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is a new technique for oil extraction and is similar to conventional solvent extraction in that the material to be extracted is withdrawn from the substrate by using a solvent. In its supercritical state, carbon dioxide is the most commonly used supercritical solvent due to its nontoxicity, non-flammability, low cost, availability in bulk quantities, ease of removal from the extracted materials, and low critical temperature and pressure （31.06 ℃ and 7.38 MPa, respectively）. To improve the additional value of oils and meals obtained from the cold press cake of double-low dehulled rapeseed, supercritical CO 2 is used to extract double-low rapeseed oil and then the quality of the oil and meal obtained is studied. The affection of factors, which includes extraction pressure, temperature, and time effecting on oil yield, is investigated by Box-Behnken’s response surface methodology. The model equation for predicting the optimum response values is established by Design Expert software. The adequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was effectively verified by the validation. The experiment result indicates that affection of extraction pressure and time on oi

关 键 词：萃取 优化 品质控制 超临界CO2萃取 双低菜籽 低温压榨 油脂 饼粕 

分 类 号：TS224.4[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]