重新认识国家起源与血缘、地缘因素的关系  

Re-understanding the Relationship among State Origins,Blood,and Geopolitical Factors

作　　者：晁天义[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学杂志社<历史研究>编辑部,副编审100026

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2014年第2期66-77,160,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：中国社会科学院青年科研启动基金项目<新时期先秦史的跨学科研究>阶段性成果(立项时间:2010年7月)

摘　　要：按照摩尔根等人的观点,国家的产生必然以血缘因素的削弱、地缘因素的强化为前提,并最终建立于地缘组织基础之上。20世纪以来,随着人类学调查材料及历史学研究成果的不断丰富,人们发现不少国家建立于血缘组织基础之上的案例。这意味着国家起源与血缘、地缘因素关系的传统观点有待重新认识。具体而言,地缘组织与血缘组织在史前时期长期并存,共同发挥着凝聚群体、团结社会的重要功能。在史前社会向国家时代过渡的进程中,血缘组织与地缘组织均可能成长为政治性团体。一个地区的国家建立于何种组织的基础之上,取决于国家产生前血缘因素与地缘因素何者能够得到更充分的发展而占据主导地位。According to Morgan's opinion,the origin of state is on the premise that blood factors are weakened and geopolitical factors are strengthened,and the state will be finally established based on foundation of geographical organization.Since the 20 th century,with the emerging of anthropological survey materials and historical research achievements,scholars found many cases that indicate the state may be based on the foundation of kinship organization.This means the traditional views should be reconsidered.Specifically,geographical organization and kinship organization coexisted over a long period of time and played very important functions together in prehistoric times.In the transition process from prehistoric society to the state society,kinship and geographical organizations may grow into a political group.Whether a state is based on the ground of kinship organization or geographical organization depends on which factor get dominated development on the eve of the nation's coming.

关 键 词：国家起源 史前社会 血缘组织 地缘组织 

分 类 号：D03[政治法律—政治学]