身体伦理的基本问题——健康、疾病与伦理的关系  

The Fundamental Question about Ethics of the Body

作　　者：任丑[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学政治与公共管理学院哲学系

出　　处：《世界哲学》2014年第3期149-159,161,共11页World Philosophy

基　　金：作者主持的国家社科基金项目<祛弱权视阈的生命伦理问题研究>(编号:11BZX073);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金重大培育项目<道德形态学视阈的生命伦理学>(项目编号:SWU1409106);中国博士后第5批特别资助项目<祛弱权视阈的生命伦理和法律研究>(资助编号:2012T50698);中国博士后第52批面上资助项目<生命伦理的前沿问题研究>(资助编号:2012M521664);重庆市博士后特别资助一等项目<祛弱权视阈的现代生命哲学;生命伦理及法律问题研究>(项目编号:渝XM201101004);重庆市社会科学规划后期资助项目<人权视阈的应用伦理问题研究>(项目编号:2011HQZZ01)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：健康、疾病和伦理之间的关系是一个古老而又全新的身体伦理的基本问题。围绕"健康、疾病是否和伦理有关"的问题,当代哲学家们在相互辩论中形成了三种基本理论范式:规范主义、自然主义和功能主义。功能主义已经触及到了健康、疾病与伦理的关系的本质。功能,即是人的身体之功能。身体的各种功能或能力的健全完美就是身体的德性即健康。作为身体的德性,健康既是医学逻各斯的伦理法则,又是善的正价值的归约性概念,而疾病则与之相反。究其实质,健康自身具有疾病的潜质,疾病是健康自身的恶,是健康不可逃逸的宿命。在直面死亡、向死而生的生命旋律中,健康、疾病的重叠交织、此消彼长不仅仅是一个单向的遵循必然规律的自然过程。相反,在这一似乎必然失败的悲壮历程中,健康通过顽强地与疾病相抗争,体现出实践理性的自由本质,彰显出人类的自由天性和人格尊严。这也正是"健康、疾病和伦理之间的关系"配享"身体伦理的基本问题"的根据。The relationship between health,disease and ethics is a basic problem in old and new body ethics.Contemporary philosophy has formed three kinds of basic theoretical paradigms on the problem about health or disease of ethics.They are naturalism and functionalism.The latter has reached the essential relationship between health,disease and ethics.It is about the functions of human body.The body's virtue is the health which is various function or power of the healthy body.Health is not only a medical logos,but the positive value of the good concepts.But the disease is contrary.In fact,health has its own potential disease,which is the evil of health itself and it can not escape the fate.Facing to death,living to die,there is a reciprocal relationship between health and disease which overlaps and interweaves.It is not just unilateral natural process to abide by inevitable law.On the contrary,during the seemingly inevitable failure of tragic history,health reflects the essence of freedom of practical reason,highlighting the human freedom and dignity.

关 键 词：身体伦理 健康 疾病 

分 类 号：B82-057.9[哲学宗教—伦理学]