涉铅企业周边学龄前儿童铅暴露相关行为模式及影响因素  

Study on lead exposure related behavior pattern and its influence factor in pre-school children near lead-using enterprises

作　　者：孟聪申[1] 张宏顺[1] 马璨[2] 马沛滨[1] 郭翔[1] 孙承业[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心,北京100021

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2014年第2期97-101,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(2010467046;200909103;201109064)

摘　　要：目的比较我国不同地区间学龄前儿童铅暴露相关行为模式及影响因素的差异，为IEUBKwin模型在我国应用提供数据基础。方法采用典型地区整群抽样的方法，对西北（甘肃天水、陕西西安）和华东（江苏扬州、浙江湖州）2个地区的5个幼儿园中3～6岁儿童家长问卷调查。结果华东地区被调查学龄前儿童每天户外活动时间长于西北地区学龄前儿童（X2=102．315，P〈0．001）；不同年龄组儿童每天户外活动时间差异有统计学意义（x2=34．798，P〈0．001），大体呈儿童年龄越大室外活动时间越长的趋势；男童啃咬手指或其他物品情况较女童严重（x2=4．724，P=0．032）；华东地区被调查学龄前儿童饮用奶或奶制品的习惯好于西北地区（x2=228．362，P〈0．001）；西北地区被调查学龄前儿童吃膨化食品的习惯较华东地区严重（x2=7．739，P=0．005）；在华北地区和西北地区间，华东地区被调查学龄前儿童补钙情况好于西北地区（x2=5．316，P=0．022）；家庭成员年收入不同，儿童补钙习惯也不全相同，其中以家庭成员年收入≥5万元的儿童中有补钙习惯的儿童所占比例最高。结论本研究所涉及的学龄前儿童铅暴露相关行为模式具有明显的地域性特点，在华东与西北地区间存在较明显差异，IEUBKwin模型在这两个地区使用时，不适宜使用同一套模型参数。Objective To compare the difference of lead exposure related behavior patterns and their influencing factors among the pre-school children near lead-using enterprises from different regions of China, thereby offer a basic data for the application of IEUBKwin mode in China. Methods The cluster sampling in typical area was used in the study, and children between 3---6 years old of five kindergartens from northwest China （Tianshui, Gansu province and Xi＇an, Shanxi province） and east China （Yangzhou, Jiangsu province and Huzhou, Zhejiang province） who lived in the areas quite near the lead-using enterprises were selected as investigation objects. Results The time of outdoor in children from east China was longer than whom from northwest China （X2 = 102. 315, P 〈0. 001 ） ; the differences of the times among different age-groups were also statistically significant （X2 = 34. 798, P 〈 0. 001 ） ; the habit of biting finger among boys was more serious than that among girls （X2 = 4. 724, P = 0. 032） ; the habit of drinking milk or milchigs in kids from east China was better than whom from northwest China （X2 =228. 362, P 〈0. 001 ） ; the habit of calcium supplement in kids from east China was better than whom from northwest China （X2 =5. 316, P =0. 022）, especially in the kids from the high income families. Conclusions The survey suggested that there was obvious geographical difference in lead exposure related behavior patterns and its influencing factors among pre-school children when IEUBKwin mode will be used in China, different model parameters should be taken for different regions.

关 键 词：涉铅企业 学龄前儿童 铅暴露 行为模式 IEUBKwin 

分 类 号：R155.33[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]