柽柳在河岸生态修复中的应用——以西宁市湟水河为例  

Application of Tamarix chinensis Lour. in riparian ecological restoration:A case study of Huangshui River in Xining City

作　　者：钱斌天[1] 石磊 高甲荣[1] 韩昱 王越[1] 顾岚[1] 康烨[1] 王曦[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]西宁防洪及流域管理利用世行贷款项目建设办公室,西宁810001

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2014年第2期35-39,共5页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国际科技合作项目"土壤生物工程在北京市怀柔区河道生态治理中的应用"(2009DFA32490)

摘　　要：为了解柽柳在河岸生态修复中的应用效果,筛选适用于西北地区河岸生态修复的植物材料,选择湟水河在西宁市海湖桥到新宁桥段之间的一段裸露岸坡,针对该段河岸边坡存在的溅蚀、面蚀以及沟蚀等土壤侵蚀现象,采用活枝扦插柽柳的方法对岸坡进行近自然修复,分别对完工后6个月、15个月和51个月时柽柳的成活率、覆盖度以及完工后51个月时柽柳的生长状况、周边小气候和生物多样性进行调查监测。结果表明,完工51个月后柽柳的生长情况达到较高水平,成活率和覆盖度分别为88%和100%,新生枝条的平均基径和平均株高分别为3.19 cm和348.9 cm。由于柽柳根系对岸坡土壤的固定,周边植被迅速恢复,生物多样性明显增加;此外,柽柳的蒸腾作用使周边环境的小气候也有所改善,柽柳试验区的气温比周边裸露区低63.4%,空气湿度比周边裸露区高62.8%。最后,总结了柽柳应用于河流生态修复中存在的问题并提出了一些相应的建议。The objectives of this study were to further understand the application of Tamarix chinensis Lour. in the restoration of riparian ecology, and screen plant materials suitable for the riparian ecological restoration in the northwestern areas of China. A section of bare bank slope of Huangshui River between Haihu Bridge and Xinning Bridge of Xining City was chosen as study area. According to the situation of splash erosion, surface erosion and gully erosion in this area, live branch cuttings of T. chinensis were applied for close-to-nature restoration of bare slope. The survival rate, coverage and growth conditions of T. chinensis 6 months, 15 months and 51 months after application were investigated, and the ambient micro-climate and biodiversity were monitored. The results showed that growth of T. chinensis 51 months after application reached a high level with the survival rate and coverage of 88% and 100% , and the average basal diameter and average plant height reached 3.19 cm and 348.9 cm, respectively. Thanks to immobilization of T. chinensis roots to slope soils, and ambient vegetation recovered rapidly, and biodiversity increased significantly. The surrounding micro-climate was improved： the temperature of the test area was 63.4% lower and air humidity 62.8% higher than that of surrounding bare land. Someproblems in the application of T. chinensis in river bank restoration are summarized and some recommendations made.

关 键 词：柽柳 河岸 生态修复 土壤生物工程 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]