菠萝蜜花粉萌发及贮藏特性研究  

Study on the characteristics of pollen germination and storage of jackfruit

作　　者：余庆[1] 李映志[1] 汪永保[1] 张佳琦[1] 吴钿[1] 叶春海[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学农学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2014年第8期60-64,共5页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.30771484;31101506)

摘　　要：花粉生活力评价和贮藏是生产及杂交育种中进行人工辅助授粉的基础.利用正交试验方法研究了菠萝蜜花粉萌发的最佳培养基,对12份种质的花粉离体萌发力进行了测定,并分析了其中3份种质的花粉贮藏特性.结果表明,蔗糖和氯化钙对花粉萌发率有极显著影响,中等浓度的蔗糖、硼酸和氯化钙最利于菠萝蜜花粉的萌发,最佳培养基为100 g/L蔗糖＋0.12 g/L硼酸＋0.10 g/L氯化钙;12份菠萝蜜种质花粉的萌发率为5.55％～65.51％,种质间的花粉萌发率存在极显著差异;菠萝蜜花粉适宜贮藏在于燥和低温条件下,室温下1d和4℃下4d的萌发率大幅下降,在4、-20、-80℃下贮藏22 d后,花粉萌发率分别为5.86％～8.09％、3.63％～4.68％和5.77％～6.54％,种质间存在差异.因此,菠萝蜜花粉最好当天使用,利用时需考虑种质间花粉萌发率的差异.Evaluation of the viability and storage of pollen are basis of artificial supplementary pollination during fruit production and hybrid breeding. In this article, the medium for germination of jackfruit pollen was optimized by using orthogonal experimental design, then the pollen germination abilities of 12 germplasm were investigated and storage characteristics of 3 germplasms of them were analyzed. Results showed that, sucrose and calcium chloride significantly influenced the rate of pollen germination, with the medium concentration of sucrose, boric acid and calcium chloride were best for the germination of jackfruit pollen, and the optimal medium was 100 g/L sucrose ＋ 0.12 g/L boric acid ＋ O.lO g/L calcium chloride; pollen germination rates of 12 jackfruit germplasms were 5.55%-65.51%, and significant differences existed among different germplasms; pollen of jackfruit was best to be stored under conditions of dry and low temperature, because the germination rate would decreased largely after 1 d at room temperature and 4 d at 4℃, and after storage at 4, -20 and -80℃ for 22 d, rates of pollen germination were 5.86%-8.09%, 3.63%-4.68% and 5.77%-6.54%, respectively, and differences were detected among different germplasms. In conclusion, pollen of jackfruit was best to be collected in the time of need, and differences in pollen viability among different germplasms should be put into consideration when using it.

关 键 词：菠萝蜜 花粉萌发 培养基 花粉贮藏 种质 

分 类 号：S667.8[农业科学—果树学]