航海与成长:论《奥德赛》中忒勒马科斯的出海历程  

From Boy/Man to Man/Hero: Telemachus' Sea Voyage and the Rite of Passage

作　　者：张陟[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学外语学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（人文科学版）》2014年第3期47-52,共6页Journal of Ningbo University：Liberal Arts Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(12CWW036);浙江省哲学社会科学规划项目(11JCWY16YB)

摘　　要：作为《奥德赛》中的当然主角,奥德修斯的航海历险历来为论者所乐道,但也因此遮蔽了另一次航程的意义。借鉴人类学和神话学有关成人仪式与英雄历险的论述,围绕忒勒马科斯出海至普洛斯等地寻访父亲下落的情节,依次分析了史诗人物在分离、转变与回归三个阶段的发展变化。通过这次航海,忒勒马科斯完成了自我成长,成为被社会认可与接受的男性英雄。忒勒马科斯出海至普洛斯等地的航程,既是史诗重要的形式要素,而对于西方文学中航海叙事与青少年成长的关系而言,又具有典范作用与原型意义。Odysseus, as the principal hero in The Odyssey, has drawn much attention from the readers at large by his adventurous sea journey. However, the sea voyage undertaken by Telemachus to Pylos and Sparta in the first four volumes of the epic is no less meaningful as far as the theme of initiation is concerned. Inspired by the anthropological as well as mythological explorations made by Arnold van Gennep, Victor Turner and Joseph Campbell, this paper firstly conceives Telemachus’ sea journey as a complete rite of passage consisting of three successive phases. Then, the paper expatiates the transformation of the hero in each part---being forced to leave home as a socially rejected boy/man, acquiring“sacred knowledge”and affirming his identity in Pylos and Sparta as a novice/prince, and later brandishing his freshly confirmed ancient-Greek style masculinity when back to Ithaca. The journey made by Telemachus, though seemingly trivial and plain at the first sight, is nonetheless important for its historical and archetypal significance in the Western tradition of voyage narratives.

关 键 词：《奥德赛》 忒勒马科斯 航海 成人仪式 原型 

分 类 号：I106.2[文学—世界文学]