提取抑制对错误记忆的影响  

The Effect of Retrieval Inhibition on False Memory

作　　者：白学军[1] 巩彦斌[1] 刘湍丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300074

出　　处：《心理学探新》2014年第2期124-130,共7页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(08JJDXLX266);天津市科技计划项目(12ZCZDSF07100);天津市高等学校创新团队培养计划资助

摘　　要：该研究探讨提取抑制能否减少错误记忆的发生。以自编的DRM词表为实验材料,实验1采用有意遗忘范式(有意抑制),实验2采用部分线索效应范式(无意抑制)。实验1结果发现:关键诱饵在"记住"条件下的错误回忆成绩显著高于"遗忘"条件下的错误回忆成绩;学过项目在"记住"条件下的正确回忆成绩显著高于"遗忘"条件下的正确回忆成绩。实验2结果发现:关键诱饵在"无部分线索"条件下的错误回忆成绩显著高于"部分线索"条件下的错误回忆成绩;学过项目在"无部分线索"条件下的正确回忆成绩显著高于"部分线索"条件下的正确回忆成绩。研究结果提示:有意和无意两种提取抑制都可以降低错误记忆,结果支持基于激活与监测的双加工理论的观点。Many researches focus on how to reduce false memory. Our aim in the present study was to further evaluate whether the re- trieval inhibition can reduce false memory. There are two kinds of the retrieval inhibition, unintentional inhibition and intentional inhibi- tion. Intentional forgetting was unintentional inhibition. Part - list cuing effect was intentional inhibition. The present study retested the activation/monitoring framework of false memory. To test these questions, we conducted two experiments. In the first experiment, inten- tional forgetting paradigm was used to further investigate whether unintentional inhibition can reduce false memory. On the basis of Ex- periment 1, in the second experiment, part - list cuing effect paradigm was used to further investigate whether intentional inhibition can reduce false memory. DRM lists were used as materials. The results showed that in the first experiment, error recall scores of critical lures in the remembering condition is significantly higher than that in the forgetting condition, and correct recall scores of learned items in the remembering condition is significantly higher than that in the forgetting condition. In the second experiment, error recall scores of critical lures in the free recall group condition is significantly higher than that in the part - list cuing recall group condition, and correct recall scores of learned items in the free recall group condition is significantly higher than that in the part - list cuing recall group condi- tion. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that both intentional inhibition and unintentional inhibition can reduce false memory. The results support theaetivation/monitoring framework of false memory,and do some supplement to the activation/monitoring frame- work.

关 键 词：错误记忆 部分线索效应 有意遗忘 提取抑制 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]