不同水平亚麻籽油替代鱼油对罗非鱼生长及体组成的影响  

Effects of dietary fish oil substitution with linseed oil on growth and body composition of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

作　　者：彭祥和 任为[1] 李斌斌[1] 叶勇[1] 关勇[1,2] 林仕梅[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物科技学院,重庆400716 [2]西南大学淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室,重庆400716

出　　处：《饲料工业》2014年第8期30-34,共5页Feed Industry

基　　金：西南大学"国家级大学生创新创业训练计划"项目[201210635011]

摘　　要：在室内淡水循环养殖系统中,用亚麻籽油(LO)替代不同水平的鱼油(FO)饲喂吉富罗非鱼[初均重(22±0.5)g]8周,评价其对吉富罗非鱼的生长和体组成的影响。用亚麻籽油分别替代0%(对照组)、25%、50%、75%、100%的鱼油组成5种等氮(CP 32%)、等能(总能量15 MJ/kg)的实用饲料配方。结果表明:日粮中添加LO能促进罗非鱼的生长(P<0.05),50%LO替代水平组罗非鱼的末重(FWG)和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于其它实验组(P<0.05),蛋白质的效率(PFR)高于其它实验组。而100%替代水平组饲料系数显著高于其它实验组(P<0.05)。罗非鱼的采食量(FI)、肥满度(CF)、内脏比(VR)以及体组成均未受到日粮LO替代水平的影响,而50%替代水平组罗非鱼的肝胰脏脂肪含量低于其它实验组。肌肉脂肪酸(FA)组成反映了日粮中脂肪酸的组成。背部肌肉的n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)总量随日粮LO水平的升高而增加,尤其是肌肉中22∶6n-3(DHA)的含量在75%组和100%组增加呈显著差异(P<0.05)。由此可见,亚麻籽油替代不同水平鱼油对罗非鱼的生长性能和体组成产生的影响不同。以亚麻籽油替代50%鱼油时罗非鱼的生长效果最好,而完全替代鱼油会阻碍罗非鱼的生长。但亚麻籽油高水平替代鱼油会促进罗非鱼肌肉中DHA的合成能力。This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of linseed oil （LO） replacing different levels of fish oil （FO） on growth, muscle fatty acid composition and metaholism of gift tilapia[mean initial weighl（22 ±0.5） g] in indoor recyele aquarium tanks for 8 weeks. Five isonitrogenous （crude protein 32%） and isoenergetic （gross energy 15 MJ/kg） practical diets were formulated by replacing 0% （the control）, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of fish oil with linseed oil. The results showed thai the growth was affected by dietary LO levels （P〈0.05）. Fish fed the diet with 50% LO had higher final body weight （FWG）, specific growth rate （SGR） and protein efficiency ratio （PER） than the other groups （P〈0.05）. Feed conversion ratio （FCR） was higher than other groups （P〈0.05） with a 100% substitution level. Feed intake （FI）, condition factor （CF）, Viscera ratio （VR） and whole body composition were not affected by dietary LO, whereas hepatopancreas lipid content of fish fed with 50% LO were lower than the other groups. Muscle fatty acid （FA） composition reflected dietary FA composition. Total n-3 and n- 6 PUFA contents in the dorsal muscle increased with increasing dietary LO. Especially, muscle of fish led with 1.0 diet were rich in 22：6n-3（DHA） in comparison to the control group. Resuhs of the present study indicated that LO could substitute less than 50% FO without influencing the growth of tilapia. The higher substitution levels of LO induced negative influences on growth and feed utilization, but could promote DHA synthesis in tilapia muscle.

关 键 词：亚麻籽油 生长 脂肪酸 罗非鱼 

分 类 号：S965.125[农业科学—水产养殖]