机械活化淀粉基膨润土复合高吸水树脂性能的研究  

A Study on the Properties of Composite Superabsorbent Based on Mechanically Activated Starch and Bentonite

作　　者：张立颖[1] 梁兴唐[2] 潘宁[1] 黄祖强[3] 

机构地区：[1]广西工业职业技术学院食品与生物工程系,广西南宁530003 [2]钦州学院化学化工学院,广西钦州535000 [3]广西大学化学化工学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《精细化工》2014年第5期551-555,596,共6页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：广西高校科学技术研究项目(2013LX159;200708LX314);广西工业职业技术学院科研基金(桂工职院[2007]3号)~~

摘　　要：为了提高淀粉基高吸水树脂的吸水率和保水性能,以机械活化60 min的木薯淀粉、丙烯酸和膨润土为原料,合成可降解复合高吸水树脂(CSA),研究膨润土(BT)的用量对CSA吸水率(Aeq)的影响以及CSA的溶胀性能。采用SEM、TGA和FTIR对样品的形貌、热稳定性和结构进行表征。结果表明,CSA呈多孔层状结构。适量的引入BT(其用量为淀粉质量的30%)可使CSA的吸水率从1 604 g/g提高到1 807 g/g,并能提高CSA的热稳定性和保水能力。在700℃下,CSA的失重率为79.3%,低于未添加BT树脂的失重率(83.4%);CSA在1 912Pa的承压下保水率为48.3%,高于未添加BT树脂的保水率(45.5%)。另外,CSA吸水过程符合一级动力学过程,吸水率受溶液的pH、盐溶液的浓度和种类的影响。The composite superabsorbent（CSA） with biodegradability was synthesized by using cassava starch mechanically activated for 60 min,acrylic acid and bentonite（BT） as raw materials to enhance its water absorbency（Aeq） and retention. The effect of bentonite＇s dosage on the water absorbency and the swelling properties of CSA was studied. The morphology, thermostability and functional groups of the samples were characterized by means of SEM, TGA and FTIR, respectively. The results show that CSA had a microporous and laminate structure, that the Aeq of CSA was increased from 1 604 g/g to 1 807 g/g by introducing an appropriate amount of BT （30% of the weight of starch ）, and that the thermostability and capacity of water-holding were also strengthened. The weight loss of CSA was 79.3% when it was heated to 700 ℃, which was lower than that of superabsorbent without BT （83.4%）. The water retention for CSA was 48.3% under the pressure of 1 912 Pa,which was higher than that of superabsorbent without BT（45.5% ）. Meanwhile, the swelling processes of CSA exhibited first-order dynamics, and the Aeq was pH and salt dependent.

关 键 词：复合高吸水树脂 机械活化 淀粉 膨润土 溶胀性能 功能材料 

分 类 号：TQ322.91[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]