打印机使用过程中颗粒物等有害因素释放及其毒理学效应研究进展  

Research Progress on Printer Particle Emission and Toxicological Assessment

作　　者：石小飞[1,2] 陈瑞[1] 霍玲玲[1,3] 赵琳[1,2] 白茹[1] 让蔚清[2] 陈春英[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家纳米科学中心中国科学院纳米生物效应与安全性重点实验室,北京100190 [2]南华大学公共卫生学院,衡阳421001 [3]河北师范大学生命科学学院,石家庄050016

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2014年第2期339-352,共14页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：科技部"973"项目(2011CB933401;2012CB934003);"863"项目(2012AA063501);国家自然科学基金(21277080);湖南省重点学科(公共卫生与预防医学)建设项目

摘　　要：打印机的应用日趋广泛,其释放的颗粒物质尤其是纳米颗粒引起人们的高度关注。现有研究已经证明纳米级颗粒物更容易进入呼吸系统,穿越气血屏障,随之引起机体的氧化损伤、炎症反应和遗传毒性等。打印机释放颗粒的暴露水平评价及其毒理学效应识别是评估打印机健康风险的基础。本文综述了打印机工作场所颗粒暴露水平的监测结果、实验室模拟研究进展、人体采样评价、流行病学调查、体外细胞或整体动物水平毒理学效应评价方法及结果,并提出了打印机危害评估过程的标准化方案建议,以利于不同研究间的比较和总结。Printer is widely used in our daily life, and the emitted particulate matters especially nanoparticlesraised great concerns. It has been demonstrated that nanoparticles can cross the blood-air barrier when ente-ring the lung by inhalation, which has the possibility to induce oxidative damage, inflammatory reaction andgenotoxicity in the body. Exposure level of emitted particles and associated toxicological effects were thefoundation of health risk assessment of this kind of photocopying equipment. In this paper, we thoroughly re- viewed the progress of field monitoring of the printer emission levels in workplaces, simulation test in the la- boratory environment, biological sample analysis, epidemiological study and particle-related in vitro or in vivo evaluation. Furthermore, standard processes were suggested to assess the hazard risk of printers with the pur- pose of having a good comparability within different source studies.

关 键 词：打印机 颗粒物质 现场监测 细胞毒性 炎症反应 基因毒性 氧化损伤 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]