晚清灾荒中的银钱比价变动及其影响——以“丁戊奇荒”中的山西为例  

The Change and Influence of Price Relations between Silver and Copper Cash in Famine in the late Qing Dynasty —Centering Shanxi Province during the Ding-wu Disaster

作　　者：韩祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所,博士研究生北京100872

出　　处：《史学月刊》2014年第5期79-92,共14页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：教育部2012年度"博士研究生学术新人奖"资助项目(26226025);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目<清代减灾救荒事业研究>之阶段成果(200955D770030)

摘　　要：当发生较大灾荒或战争时,社会上货币的流通结构与规模、物资的市场贸易与运输均会出现与平时显著不同的变动。通过对"丁戊奇荒"中山西银钱比价变动的初步探析,可以发现,灾荒中的银钱比价呈现出钱价明显上升的剧烈变动,但其上升幅度远不及物价,且灾区钱价的涨幅水平与灾情的严重程度呈正相关性。随着赈灾活动的大规模开展,短时间内出现了1877~1879年的全国性钱价上涨局面,这对灾区及外部地区产生了明显的负面影响,大大增加了赈灾成本,严重削弱了赈灾效果,并造成了全国性的金融波动。此外,与既往观点不同,发生"丁戊奇荒"的1877年才是中国19世纪后半期全国性"钱贵银贱"现象出现的时间节点。When a big famine happened, the structure of currency and market will change obviously. In Shanxi Province during the Ding-wu disaster the price of copper cash became much higher than silver price, but much lower than food price. The raise of cash price was a response to the famine that spread widely to other places. These changes made seriously negative effects including heavily increasing the costs of relieving the people in disaster, decreasing the relieving effects, and pushing the raise of cash price in the whole state in a short period. In addition, the year--1877, when the Ding-wu disaster happened, was the key time of ＂high price of cash, low price of silver＂ in China during the late 19th century.

关 键 词：灾荒 银钱比价 钱贵银贱 丁戊奇荒 山西 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] F822.9[历史地理—中国史]