长跑运动员最大力量训练的设计及其对跑步经济性的影响  

Maximal Strength Training Program Design for Distance Runners and the Effects on Running Economy

作　　者：薛锋[1] 陈庆果[2] 张健[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学体育学院,甘肃兰州730124 [2]四川师范大学体育学院,四川成都610066

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2014年第3期3-12,24,共11页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(zzy2011005)

摘　　要：目的:结合长跑运动员常规耐力训练情况,设计最大力量训练方案,并通过对比力量训练前后有氧机能、力量素质以及跑步经济性等指标的变化情况,评定力量训练方案的有效性。方法:19名男子长跑运动员被随机分为实验组(n=10)和对照组(n=9)。除在实验前完成5 000m跑测试外,受试者还需在6周实验前、后分别完成形态测试、递增负荷测试、恒定负荷测试及力量测试。结果:实验前、后,两组受试者的体重、骨骼肌质量及最大耗氧量(VO2max)未发生明显改变(P>0.05);两组受试者的无氧阈(AT)均显著提高(P>0.05),但增幅无显著差异(P<0.05);对照组的VO2max跑速、最大力量、发力率及跑步经济性变化不明显(P>0.05),而实验组不但有显著或非常显著的提高(P<0.05,P<0.01),且增幅也不同程度地显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);实验组跑步经济性的改善与最大力量的提高存在显著的相关关系(r=-0.63,P<0.05)。结论:每周3次,共持续6周,约占耐力训练总量1/10的负重半蹲最大力量训练,并不会影响长跑运动员有氧机能的发展,且可有效增强神经肌肉功能,改善跑步经济性。Objective.. To design the maximal strength training program for distance runners based on their regular endurance training condition, and to verify the program by comparing the differences of aerobic capacity, strength, running economy before and after experiment. Meth- ods：19 male distance runners were randomly assigned to an intervention group （n= 10） and a control group （n= 9）. Besides the 5000m running test before experiment, subjects performed the anthropometry test,incremental exercise test, constant exercise test and strength test before and after experiment respectively. Results： Compared to the index tested before experiment, 6weeks later, the weight, skeletal muscle mass and maximal oxygen uptake of subjects were unchanged （P〈0.05） ; anaerobic threshold was improved significantly （P〈0. 05）, but the growth was similar （P〈0. 05） between two groups~ velocity at maximal oxygen uptake, one repetition maximum, rate of force development and running economy kept unchanged in control group （P〈0. 05）,but increased markedly in intervention group （P〈0. 05, P〈0. 01）, fur- thermore the growth in intervention group was significantly higher than in control group （P〈0. 05, P〈0. 01） ; significant correlation was found between improvement of running economy and development of one repetition maximum in intervention group （r=-0. 63, P〈0. 05 ）. Conclusions： Maximal strength training consisting of half--squats, performed 3 times per week for 6 weeks, taken less than one tenth of endurance training time, did not impair the aerobic ca- pacity, could improve the running economy by promoting the neuromuscular function.

关 键 词：长跑运动员 最大力量训练 神经肌肉功能 跑步经济性 

分 类 号：G822.3[文化科学—体育训练]