青藏高原与安第斯高原地区儿童青少年的身高、体重和胸围的对比  

Comparative Study of the Height, Weight and Chest Circumference of Children and Adolescents Between the Tibetan Plateau and the Andes

作　　者：席焕久[1] 温有锋[1] 张海龙[1] 李文慧[1] 任甫[1] 黄克强[2] 肖艳杰[1] 叶丽平[1] 李春山[2] 陈昭[3] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁医学院人类学研究所,锦州121001 [2]辽宁医学院附属第二医院,锦州121001 [3]美国亚利桑那大学公共卫生学院流行病与统计学系,图桑857245211

出　　处：《人类学学报》2014年第2期198-213,共16页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30270696)

摘　　要：通过青藏高原和安第斯山高原地区儿童青少年身高、体重和胸围的比对,探讨高原地区儿童青少年生长发育的规律和特点,找出儿童青少年生长发育的高原地区差异,进一步改善高原地区居民的健康状态,促进儿童青少年生长发育,为高原医学和高原人类学的发展提供理论基础。本文以青藏高原和安第斯山高原地区儿童青少年为研究对象。选择在西藏出生长大、经体检证明身体健康6-21岁藏族男女(父母3代藏族)共2813例有效样本(男,1417例;女,1396例),在知情同意情况下直接测量了身高、体重和胸围。印度、秘鲁、玻利维亚、智利等国家和地区儿童青少年生长发育资料从文献中获取。去除不完整的无法比较及年代过于久远的材料,排除小样本及数据不全和不符合要求的样本,严格控制质量。所有测量数据输入SPSS13.0统计软件包。对数据进行描述性统计分析、独立样本t检验、方差分析等统计学处理。结果显示:1)青藏高原儿童青少年男女身高高于安第斯山男女。2)青藏高原儿童青少年的体重与安第斯山儿童青少年相近。3)青藏高原儿童青少年的胸围明显小于安第斯山儿童青少年。高原地区与非高原地区儿童青少年生长发育相比有相似性又有特殊性(如发育水平低,胸径较大,生长发育指标普遍低于WHO(2007)和本国国内水平)。西藏藏族儿童青少年比安第斯山的发育好,两者具有不同的体质特征,这可能与生态环境、高原缺氧、遗传因素和社会经济文化等多种因素有关。This study compares the height, weight and chest circumference of children and adolescents living in the Tibetan Plateau with those in the Andes in order to explore the patterns and characteristics of growth and development and to identify differences in growth and development between the two regions. Findings from this study may be used to help improve the health of residents, to promote good growth and development, and to provide a theoretical framework for high-altitude medicine and anthropology. A total of 2813 healthy children and adolescents （men 1606, women 1207） aged 6-19 years old were recruited with informed consent. To be eligible for this study, participants had to have lived and grown up in Tibet, and both their paternal and maternal side of the family had to be Tibetan （for at least the past three generations）. Their stature, weight, chest circumference were measured. Comparison data on growth and development of children and adolescents in India, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile were abstracted from published studies. Papers with incomplete data, small sample sizes or outdated information were not included in this study. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS13.0. The results have suggested that children and adolescents from the Tibetan plateau was taller than those from the Andes. Weights of children and adolescents in the two regions were similar. In addition, chest circumference was smaller in those living in the Tibetan plateau than those in the Andes. It is concluded that growth and development of children and adolescents in highlands follow similar patterns, but also show specific characteristics such as growth delay, lower growth level and large chest dimensions. Growth and development levels of children and adolescents were better in Tibet than in the Andes, possibly a result of features resulting from such factors as hypoxia, heredity or socioecological levels.

关 键 词：儿童 青少年 生长发育 青藏高原 安第斯山 藏族 

分 类 号：Q983[生物学—人类学]