长期施沼肥对果园土壤肥力和苹果品质的影响研究  

Effect of Long-term Biogas Residues Application on Soil Physicochemical and Apple Quality

作　　者：牛伟[1] 鹿茸[2] 田琴[2] 孙楠[2] 张丽珍[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院,太原030006 [2]山西大学生命科学学院,太原030006

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第10期243-246,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山西省财政支农项目"苹果矮化砧木示范推广"(2013NYST-03)

摘　　要：以山西省临汾吉县连续5年实施"猪-沼-果"生态农业管理的沼肥模式果园和只施化肥的常规管理果园为研究对象,对比研究2种管理方式下果园的土壤理化性状和苹果品质。沼肥管理果园的苹果硬度比常规管理果园的提高6.3%,果实可溶性糖含量增加4.7%。施用沼肥能显著提高果园土壤的全磷、有效磷、硝态氮、有效铁和有效铜含量(P<0.05),比常规管理果园土壤分别高59.7%、97.1%、67.1%、24.2%、45.5%。沼肥管理果园和常规管理果园中土壤脱氢酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶活性差异不显著,但施用沼肥会显著降低果园土壤磷酸酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性(P<0.05),分别比常规管理果园土壤磷酸酶活性、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性低44.7%和32.9%。A biomass energy loop utilization project （livestock→livestock dung→ biogas digester→digestion liquid/digester residues→orchard soil） was conducted for five years in typical temperate agro-village of Jixian County in Linfen City, Shanxi Province. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of using bio-digestion waste derivatives five years on the physicochemical soil fertility and fruit quality in orchard-soil ecosystem field trials compared with using traditional synthetic fertilization. The results showed that application of bio- digestion waste derivatives induced statistically insignificant enhance apple quality with increased firmness and disaccharide content. The apple firmness and soluble sugar under biogas residues application treatment were increased by 6.3% and 4.7% than that treated with traditional synthetic fertilization. Moreover, the use of these products might stimulate soil fertility and nutrient mobilization from the soil, thereby increasing the use efficiency of soil minerals. The content of total phosphorus, available phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, available Fe, Cu under biogas residues application treatment were increased by 59.7%, 97.1%, 67.1%, 24.2%, 45.5% than that treated with traditional synthetic fertilization（P〈0.05）. There were no significant different on dehydrogenase, cellulase and suerase activities between two type fertilizer application treatments. But the use of biogas fertilizers resulted in the significant decreased by 44.7% and 32.9% in phosphatase and β- glucosidase activities （P〈0.05） than that treated with traditional synthetic fertilization. It was clear that the use of biogas residues products as nutrient supply in agriculture should be stimulated to realize apple quality and soil nutrient development of agriculture.

关 键 词：沼渣 沼液 土壤肥力 土壤酶活性 苹果 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]