顾及空间邻近性的PM_(2.5)暴露评估系统设计与实现  

Design and Implementation of Spatial-proximity Based Risk Assessment System for PM_(2.5) Exposure

作　　者：邓婉霞 邹滨[1] 邱永红[2] 汤景文[3] 何晋强[1] 赵梦祎 

机构地区：[1]中南大学有色金属成矿预测教育部重点实验室地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,湖南长沙410083 [3]中南大学冶金与环境学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2014年第5期193-198,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41201384;41201383);湖南省自然科学基金项目(12JJ3034);地理空间信息工程国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室开放研究基金项目资助(201238);数字制图与国土信息应用工程国家测绘局重点实验室开放研究基金项目资助(GCWD201104);资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室开放基金项目资助

摘　　要：室外PM2.5已成为我国第四位致死风险因子,针对目前PM2.5监测数据稀疏无法帮助居民了解其暴露于PM2.5的强度及所在地健康风险的问题,考虑邻近性模型数据要求低、原理简单的特点,文章借助邻近性模型,结合VC++可视化编程语言,采用组件式GIS平台ArcEngine,基于数据服务层、GIS逻辑层、表现层3层结构思想设计开发了顾及空间邻近特征的PM2.5暴露评估系统。系统主要包括数据预处理、暴露强度区划、受体暴露识别和暴露面积统计4个模块,可在PM2.5监测数据匮乏地区实现区域PM2.5污染暴露强度评估与空间区划、解析受体暴露原因。系统是对我国当前《环境风险评价技术导则》中"受体暴露强度评估"与"受体暴露污染源识别"方法的有益补充,特别是为监测数据缺失地区制定PM2.5污染防治措施和居民规避PM2.5健康风险策略提供了科学依据。Outdoor PM2.5 pollution has been listed as the 4^th deathly risk factors in China. Due to the sparseness of the current PM2.5monitoring stations, the observed PM2.5 concentration data is not enough to assist people to ascertain their PM2.5 expose intensity and health risks around the house. In consideration of the characteristics Of proximity model＇ s few data demands and simple principle, a spatial-proximity based risk assessment system for PM2.5 exposure was designed and implemented. The system implementation employed VC ＋＋ visualization developing language and ArcEngine GIS component platform. The system was based on a 3-tier architecture which consisted of data access, business logics and presentation. Functional modules of the system mainly include data preprocessing, exposure intensity zoning, receptor exposure assessment and statistics on exposed area. In areas with less observed PM2.5 concentration data, the system can assess and zone the PM2.5 exposure intensity of a region, as well as analyze the cause of the receptor＇s exposure. In conclusion, the system can serve as a beneficial supplement to Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment in terms of receptor exposure intensity assessment and pollution source recognition. Especially for areas lack of observed PM2.5 concentration data, the system can provide scientific basis for PM2.5, control policy making and PM2.5 evading strategy for local residents.

关 键 词：空间邻近 GIS PM2 5 环境暴露 风险系统 

分 类 号：X21[环境科学与工程—环境科学]