河流泥沙吸附磷的研究现状与展望  

Research Status and Prospect of Phosphorus Adsorption by River Sediment

作　　者：陈野[1] 李青云[1] 曹慧群[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江科学院流域水环境研究所,武汉430010

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2014年第5期12-16,共5页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51109010);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2013015/SH)

摘　　要：输送水流泥沙和营养物质是河流的主要功能之一。大坝等水利工程拦截泥沙的同时,改变了河流营养物质的迁移和转化。从国内外近20 a泥沙吸附磷的相关研究文献可以看出:泥沙对磷的吸附与泥沙颗粒的理化性质、水体初始磷浓度、含沙量以及环境因子等相关,即颗粒越细,表面吸附位越多,更有利于磷的吸附;水体初始磷浓度越高,吸附量越多;含沙量越大,总吸附量越大,单位质量泥沙吸附量越少;泥沙吸附磷的机理模型主要有热力学模型和动力学模型两类,Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型在等温吸附中应用较广;二级动力学模型对泥沙吸附磷的全过程拟合程度更高;在河流生态系统中,泥沙吸附的磷以颗粒态磷的形式作为生物可利用磷的储备,间接影响水生生物的生长。颗粒态磷与水生生物的生长关系、吸附量与含沙量等多因子的动力学模型在今后有待进一步研究。Transport of sediment and nutrients are the main functions of river. When sediment is blocked by dams, the transport and transformation processes of nutrient are changed. On the basis of researches in the last two decades concerning sediment＇ s adsorption of Phosphorus, we can conclude that the adsorption of phosphorus is related with the physical and chemical properties of sediment particles, the initial Phosphorus concentration in the water, the sediment concentration, and the environmental factors. Both high Phosphorus concentration and fine particles are conductive to the adsorption of Phosphorus; the higher the sediment concentration is, the greater the total amount of adsorption is, whereas the less the adsorption capacity per unit mass is. Thermodynamic models and kinetic models are two main types of model reflecting the mechanism of sediment＇s adsorption of Phosphorus. Langmuir model and Freundlich model are widely applied in the research of isothermal adsorption, and the second-order ad- sorption kinetic equation provides the best representation for the kinetic experiment results. In the river ecosystem, particulate phosphorus is the reserve for bio-available phosphorus and indirectly affects the growth of aquatic life. The relationship between particulate phosphorus and the growth of aquatic organisms as well as the quantitative kinetic model are important directions for future research.

关 键 词：河流泥沙 吸附磷 吸附影响因子 吸附模型 生物可利用磷 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]