灌水方式和水平与施肥方式对糯玉米产量和水肥利用的影响  

Effect of Irrigation Method & Level and Fertilization Method on Yield, Water &Fertilizer Use of Pot-grown Sticky Maize

作　　者：农梦玲[1] 谢振兴[1] 李伏生[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530005

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2014年第4期22-26,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家863计划(2011AA100504);广西自然科学青年基金(2012GXNSFBA053047);国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1033004)

摘　　要：根区局部灌溉是通过人为控制作物部分根区湿润和干燥,刺激根系吸水功能和调节气孔开度,减少蒸发蒸腾耗水的节水灌溉技术。为揭示玉米根区局部灌溉水肥利用及其最佳供应模式,通过盆栽试验,研究了在不同灌水水平和施肥方式下玉米苗期-拔节期根区局部灌溉对糯玉米产量、水分利用和NK含量和吸收量的影响。试验设3种灌水方式,即常规灌溉CI、分根区交替灌溉AI和部分根区固定灌溉FI,3种灌水水平,即充分灌水W1、轻度亏水W2和中度亏水W3,和2种施肥方式,即1/2土壤50%施肥量+1/2土壤50%施肥量F1和1/2土壤70%施肥量+1/2土壤30%施肥量F2。F1W1时,与CI相比,AI耗水量减少12.9%,而鲜穗产量、水分利用效率和地上部K含量分别增加15.7%、32.9%和16.6%,但是地上部N含量和总N、K吸收量增加不明显。与F1相比,AIW1时,F2鲜穗产量、水分利用效率、地上部K含量和总K吸收量均有所降低。因此,苗期-拔节期分根区交替灌溉AI在充分灌水W1且均匀施肥F1情况下表现最佳。Partial root-zone irrigation is a water-saving irrigation technique, which can stimulate water absorption by root system, ad just stomatal opening and decrease crop evapotranspiration by artificial control of wetting and drying in the root-zones. In order to re veal the mechanism of water and fertilizer use of sticky maize and the optimal supplying mode, the effects of partial root-zone irriga- tion at the seedling to jointing stage on fresh yield, water use, N＆ K contents and uptakes of sticky maize, were studied by using a pot experiment under the different irrigation levels and fertilization methods. Three irrigation methods, i.e. conventional irrigation （CI）, alternate partial root-zone irrigation （AI） and fixed root-zone irrigation （FI）, three irrigation levels, i.e. full watering （W1）, slight water deficit （W2） and medium water deficit （W3）, and two fertilization methods, i.e. two sides with equal fertilization （F1） and 30% of fertilization at one side and 70% of fertilization at other side （F2） were designed. Under FlWl condition, compared to CI, the water consumption of AI decreased by 12.9%, but fresh yield, water use efficiency （WUE） and shoot K content increased by 15.7%, 32. 9% and 16. 6%, respectively. However, shoot N contents and total N and K uptakes did not increase significantly. Under A1W1, compared to F1, the fresh yield, water use efficiency （WUE）, shoot K content and total K uptake F2 all decreased. Therefore, alternate partial root-zone irrigation at the seedling to jointing stage was an efficient irrigation method under full watering and even fertilization condition.

关 键 词：根区局部灌溉 糯玉米 产量 水肥利用 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S513[农业科学—农业工程]