北京市丰台区公共场所集中空调对从业人员健康的影响  

Health impact of centralized air conditioning system on employees in public places in Fengtai district,Beijing

作　　者：秦娟[1] 赵建忠[2] 李洁[2] 崔宝荣[1] 常宪平[1] 刘凡[3] 程义斌[3] 金银龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,北京100071 [2]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心办公室 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2014年第3期245-247,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：卫生部卫生行业科研专项(201002001)

摘　　要：目的了解北京市丰台区公共场所集中空调对场所内从业人员的健康影响。方法选择北京市丰台区使用集中空调的18家宾馆饭店和商场超市内的703名从业人员作为暴露人群,9家不使用集中空调的宾馆饭店和商场超市内的447名从业人员作为对照人群,于2012年11—12月对以上人员进行健康状况问卷调查及血样采集,检测血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM、IgE水平。结果暴露组人群最近1年平均感冒次数[(1.7±1.6)次]高于对照组[(1.4±1.2)次],最近1个月上班时间的眼部、呼吸系统、皮肤、神经系统等不适症状发生率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。暴露组人群血清IgA、IgG、IgM、IgE水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,公共场所使用集中空调可能是人群血清免疫球蛋白水平的影响因素,与对照组相比,暴露组人群的血清IgA、IgG、IgM、IgE平均升高0.19、1.3、0.07 g/L和44 IU/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论公共场所使用集中空调可能对场所内从业人员免疫水平及相关症状产生一定影响,应加强卫生管理及监测。Objective To understand the health impact of centralized air conditioning system on employees in public places in Fengtai district, Beijing. Methods From November to December, 2012, 703 employees from 18 units （hotels, restaurants and supermarkets） with centralized air conditioning system were chosen as the exposed population, 447 employees from the same type of public places without centralized air conditioning system were chosen as the control population. Questionnaire investigation and blood samples collecting were conducted in target population. Serum IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE were tested. Results The exposed population caught cold for （1.7±1.6） times in the most recent year , which was higher than the control population which was （1.4±1.2） times （P〈0.05）. The exposure group suffered higher incidence of discomfort symptoms about ocular symptoms, respiratory system, skin and nervous system than the control group. The average concentrations of serum IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE in exposed group were all significantly higher than those in control group （P〈0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that, using centralized air-conditioning system in public places maybe the influence factor on the immunity level of employees. The average IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE serum concentrations in exposed group were 0.19 g/L, 1.3 g/L, 0.07 g/L, 44 IU/ml respectively,which were higher than those of control group with significant difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Exposure to centralized air conditioning system in public places may have adverse effects on the immunity and ocular symptoms, respiratory system, skin and nervous system.

关 键 词：集中空调 公共场所 血清免疫球蛋白 不适症状 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]