美国农业补贴政策演变及对我国的启示  

American Agricultural Subsidy Policy Evolution and Its Revelations to China

作　　者：李万君[1] 李艳军 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北省农村发展研究中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2014年第3期268-272,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"品牌社区视角的农资品牌成长机理及其连动力研究"(编号:71273102)和"中国种子产业链价值创造与分配研究"(编号:70873047);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金"基于农户视角的农资品牌社区研究"(编号:2012RW004)和"种子公司参与良种补贴的行为与绩效研究"(编号:2012YB19)

摘　　要：美国农业补贴经历了孕育、诞生与发展、淡化、调整和新发展五个阶段,具有补贴投入数额巨大、以"黄箱"补贴为主;侧重主要农产品和大农场主;相关法律法规健全,辅助支持政策完善;充分做好前期工作,及时修正和调整以及着眼环境保护和食品安全等特点。因此具有有效应对农业生产风险,消除农民后顾之忧;提高农产品贸易竞争力,拓展国际市场以及发展现代农业,促进可持续发展的积极效应;同时,农业补贴陷入恶性循环,导致政府财政负担增加、土地过度使用和环境遭到破坏,加剧了农户贫富差距、降低了农民"免疫"能力以及容易引发国际贸易摩擦。上述总结为我国农业部门明确补贴目标、构建补贴体系、完善补贴机制、增强可持续发展能力、兼顾效率和公平,以及实现从"黄箱"到"绿箱"的转变等方面提供了有益的启示。American agricultural subsidy has experienced five stages＇ development, i.e. gestation, generation and development, reducing, adjustment and new development. And it has features as follows： the amount of subsidy investment is huge; the ＂yellow box＂ policy accounts for large proportion; it focuses on main farm products and latifundia; the relevant laws, regulations and auxiliary support policy are sound; the preliminary work is done very well; it is corrected and adjusted timely and focused on environmental protection and food safety. Therefore, it has some positive effects, such as dealing with agricultural production risk, eliminating the worries of farmers, improving international trade competitiveness of agricultural products, expanding the international market, developing modern agriculture and promoting sustainable development, etc. But undeniably, American agricultural subsidies fall into vicious circle, which leads to increasing the financial burden of the government, using land excessively, destroying the environment, exacerbating the gap between rich and poor farmers, reducing the ＂immune＂ ability of farmers and triggering the international trade friction, etc. This study offers Chinese agricultural department with some useful revelations in terms of clearing goals of subsidies, forming subsidy system, perfecting subsidy mechanism, enhancing the capability of sustainable development, balancing between the efficiency and fairness and transforming i^om ＂yellow box＂ to ＂green box＂ policies, etc.

关 键 词：农业补贴 农产品价格 环境保护 食品安全 可持续发展 国际贸易 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]