棉仁中游离棉酚提取工艺的优化  

Optimization of extraction of free gossypol from cottonseed kernel

作　　者：柴秀航 付元元[1] 毕艳兰[1] 杨国龙[1] 孙尚德[1] 刘伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学粮油食品学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《中国油脂》2014年第5期61-65,共5页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31271883)

摘　　要：为了获得高质量的棉籽油和棉粕,并实现副产物棉酚的精制,采用有机溶剂浸出技术研究棉仁中游离棉酚的提取工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定了70%丙酮提取游离棉酚的最优工艺条件。试验表明,对游离棉酚提取率影响的因素主次顺序为:提取次数,提取时间,料液比,提取温度;确定的最优提取工艺条件为:提取温度40℃,提取时间50 min,料液比1∶15,提取次数3次,搅拌速率850 r/min;在最优工艺条件下,游离棉酚提取率为89.58%,棉粕中游离棉酚含量仅为400 mg/kg。分别对棉酚标准样品和棉仁中提取的棉酚提取液进行40℃加热处理,结果表明加热会导致游离棉酚转化为其他物质,从0 h加热到8 h时,棉酚提取液中的游离棉酚含量从68.19μg/mL降至25.27μg/mL,损耗率达到62.94%。In order to get high - quality cottonseed oil and cottonseed meal and achieve the purification of gossypol byproduct, the process of extracting free gossypol from cottonseed kernel by organic solvent was studied. On the basis of single factor experiment, the optimal extraction conditions of free gossypol from cottonseed kernel by 70% of acetone were determined by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the extraction times affected the extraction rate of free gossypol significantly, followed by extraction time, solid -liquid ratio and extraction temperature;the optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows： extraction temperature 40 ℃, extraction time 50 min, solid - liquid ratio 1 ： 15, extraction times three and stirring rate 850 r/min. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction rate of free gossypol reached 89.58%, and the content of free gossypol in cottonseed meal was only 400 mg/kg. The gossypol standard sample and gossypol extracts from cottonseed kernel were heated at 40 ℃ respectively, the results indicated that free gossypol was easy to transform to other substances under heating. The content of free gossypol in gossypol extracts decreased from 68.19 μg/mL to 25.27 μg/mL when it was heated at 40 ℃ for 0 - 8 h, and the loss rate of free gossypol was 62.94%.

关 键 词：棉仁 游离棉酚 提取率 转化 

分 类 号：TS229[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] R93[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]