北京市城市职业人群健康相关知识和行为调查  

Survey of health related knowledge and behavior in the occupational groups of Beijing

作　　者：李洁[1] 李英华[2] 金铭[3] 赵芳红[4] 聂雪琼[2] 万国锋[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心,北京100071 [2]中国健康教育中心(卫生部新闻宣传中心),北京100011 [3]北京北亚骨科医院医务处,北京102445 [4]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2014年第3期195-197,207,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：国家863计划课题(2008AA02Z403)

摘　　要：目的 分析北京市职业人群的生活方式以及相关知识和行为现状,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样,在北京市选取了朝阳区、丰台区、西城区、东城区中的公务员单位、科研机构、企业单位,对抽中单位中的18 ～60岁的所有在职工作人员进行自填式问卷调查.结果 共调查1898人,其中公务员占58.27％,科技人员占22.76％,企业人员占18.97％.调查对象的吸烟率为22.1％;被动吸烟率为54.4％,公务员最高（57.2％）,企业人员最低（P＜0.05）;饮酒率为65.1％,公务员最高（70.5％）,企业人员最低（P＜0.05）.公务员每日定时进食三餐率（75.6％）、每日吃早餐率（76.8％）、锻炼率（62.3％）均高于科技人员和企业人员（P＜0.05）.在生活方式相关知识方面,科技人员对“被动吸烟有害健康”、“每天应摄入食盐量”、“水果是否可以代替蔬菜”和“体育锻炼原则”的知晓率均高于公务员和企业人员（P＜0.05）.在工作方式方面,公务员“加班频率≥1次/周”者最高,占40.4％,企业人员最低（P＜0.05）;而企业人员“熬夜频率≥1次/周”者最高,占42.2％,科技人员最低（P＜0.05）.企业人员“每天使用电脑时间3h以下”者所占比率（30.3％）和“平均每天静坐时间6h及以下”者所占比率（50.3％）高于公务员和科技人员（P＜0.05）.结论 3类职业人群被动吸烟率、饮酒率较高,基本健康知识不足,静坐作业方式突出,应对3类职业人群开展有针对性的健康教育和健康干预,以提高其自我保健意识与技能.Objective To analyze the lifestyle, health knowledge and work behavior of occupational groups and to provide evidence for developing targeted interventions. Methods Public servant, scientific and technical personnel and staff of enterprises aged 18 to 60 years in Chaoyang District, Fengtai District, Xicheng District and Dongcheng District of Beijing were selected by cluster sampling. Results 1898 persons were surveyed. Public servant was accounted 58.27%, scientific and technical personnel 22. 76% , staff of enterprises 18.97%. The smoking rates were 22. 1% with no significant differ- ences among three groups; passive smoking rate was 54. 4% , highest in public servant （57.2%）, lowest in staff of enter- prises （P 〈0.05） ; drinking rate was 65.1%, highest in public servant （70. 5% ）, lowest in staff of enterprises （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Public servants＇ rates of eating regular meals daily （ 75.6% ） , eating breakfast daily （ 76. 8% ） and exercise （62. 3% ） were higher than those of enterprises and scientific and technical personnel （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The awareness rate of ＂passive smoking was harmful to health＂, ＂the daily salt intake＂, ＂whether fruits can replace vegetables＂ and ＂physical exercise appropriate levels＂ for scientific and technical personnel were higher than those of the public servants and staff of en- terprises （ P 〈 O. 05 ）. At work-style aspects, the rate of ＂staying up and work overtime more than once a week ＂ was the highest in public servants （40. 4% ） , while staff of enterprises was the lowest. Staff of enterprises had a ＂the highest rate of staying up＂ （42. 2% ） with scientific and technical personnel the lowest. It＇ s highest in staff of enterprises of ＂using com- puters for 3 hours or less＂ （ 30. 3 % ） and ＂meditation 6 hours or less a day＂ （50. 3 % ） （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Targe- ted health education and interventions and proper ways of working would help improve the awareness and skills of serf-ca

关 键 词：职业人群 生活方式 健康知识 健康行为 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]