考虑气动—推进—弹性耦合的高超声速飞行器面向控制建模与分析  

Control-Oriented Modeling and Analysis of a Hypersonic Vehicle with Coupled Aerodynamic-Propulsion-Elastic

作　　者：张希彬[1,2] 宗群[1] 曾凡琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学电气与自动化工程学院,天津30072 [2]天津科技大学理学院,天津300222

出　　处：《宇航学报》2014年第5期528-536,共9页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(91016018;61273092);教育部科学技术研究重大项目(311012);天津市基础研究重点项目(11JCZDJC25100)

摘　　要：针对高超声速飞行器机身极易发生弹性振动,模型具有非线性、强耦合及不确定性等特点,提出了考虑气动—推进—弹性耦合的综合建模方法。首先,利用假设模态法计算弹性模态及弹性振动效应,采用斜激波和普朗特—迈耶流理论、Eckert参考温度法及一维可压缩流关系式估算气动力、俯仰力矩及推力,考虑气流黏性及机身弹性变形影响,加入了黏性及弹性振动效应,更接近于真实物理特性;然后分析了弹性振动引起的机体变形角及机身表面流体特性;并基于机理推导所获取的气动数据,利用曲线拟合方法,建立了考虑气动—推进—弹性耦合的高超声速飞行器面向控制模型。气动和动态特性分析结果表明,弹性振动改变了飞行器弹性模态及气动布局,面向控制模型降低了模型复杂度,并保留了机理模型的物理耦合特性及非最小相位现象。Considering the elastic vibration of hypersonic vehicle, and the characteristics of nonlinearity, strong couplings and uncertainty, a dynamic model for a flexible hypersonic vehicle is developed. Firstly assumed modal method is used to compute the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the flexible structure. Oblique shock and Prandtl-Meyer flow theory, Eckert＇ s Reference Temperature Method and 1-D flow relation are applied for estimating aerodynamic forces, moment and thrust of the hypersonic vehicle including viscous and flexible effects . Then, the deflections of vehicle body and aerodynamic characteristics on vehicle surface are analyzed. Finally, a control-oriented model of the hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic is presented by using curve-fitted approximations. The simulations show that the elastic vibration can change the flexible mode and aerodynamic layout, and the control-oriented model not only can reduce the complexity of the model, but also retains physical characteristics and non-minimum phase of the mechanism model.

关 键 词：高超声速飞行器 气动-推进-弹性耦合 曲线拟合 面向控制模型 

分 类 号：V249.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]