鳄鱼资源开发和生物活性物质研究进展  

Research Advances in Resource Development and Bioactive Substances of Crocodile

作　　者：李海航[1] 罗嘉玲[1] 倪贺[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学生命科学学院,广东省植物发育生物工程重点实验室,广州510631

出　　处：《华南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第3期10-17,共8页Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2011B020310008)

摘　　要：鳄鱼是两亿多年前与恐龙同时代的最原始脊椎类两栖爬行动物,有强盛的生长、繁殖、抗病和抗逆境能力,是生物医学与生态环保等研究的重要物种.近年研究表明,鳄鱼血有强的抗菌、抗病毒和抗癌活性,特别是对抗药性病源菌和人类艾滋病毒有较强抗性,鳄鱼血的抗菌作用可能通过血清中的补体蛋白诱导机体自身免疫系统和产生多种直接作用于细菌细胞膜的抗菌肽而起作用;鳄鱼胆汁提取物显著抑制胆管癌细胞和肝癌细胞的生长,可能通过破坏线粒体膜电位和提高活性氧含量来诱导癌细胞凋亡;鳄鱼油有显著的抗菌、抗炎、防皮肤冻伤和促进皮肤烧伤愈合等作用.鳄鱼的工业利用价值和医药与功能食品开发价值,使其成为经济价值高的养殖动物,在广东、海南和江苏等东南沿海地区大量养殖.该文综述了近年来鳄鱼驯养繁殖和生物活性成分等方面研究进展.Crocodiles are the most primitive vertebrate amphibian reptiles with more than two hundred million years history. They have strong growth and reproductive capacity,resistance to diseases and environmental stresses,and are important species for biomedical,ecological and environmental protection research. Research shows that crocodile blood has strong antibacterial,antiviral,and anticancer functions,especially for the strong resistance to drugresistant pathogens and human HIV. Crocodile blood has serum complement activity which can induce the immune function. Meanwhile,the blood produces a variety of low molecular antimicrobial peptides which attack bacterial membrane. Crocodile bile extracts significantly inhibit the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cells and hepatic carcinoma cells,and induce their apoptosis probably through damaging mitochondrial membrane potential and induce the production of reactive oxygen species. Crocodile oil has antibacterial anti-inflammatory effects,protects the skin from frostbite and promotes healing of skin burns. As their high values for leather industrial material,for pharmaceutical development and for functional food,crocodiles have become farmed animals with high economic value and are widely breed in China. Recent research on crocodile breeding and bioactive ingredients is reviewed.

关 键 词：鳄鱼 养殖 生物活性物质 资源开发 

分 类 号：S966.5[农业科学—水产养殖]