饲料中n-3高不饱和脂肪酸含量对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长性能及脂肪酸组成的影响  

Effects of Dietary n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid Content on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Juvenile Swimming Crab( Portunus trituberculatus)

作　　者：张稳[1] 谢奉军[1] 金敏[1] 周歧存[1] 黎明[1] 韩昌茂 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海洋学院,宁波315211 [2]宁波鑫亿鲜活水产有限公司,宁波315211

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2014年第5期1254-1264,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ12C19001);浙江省教育厅科研项目(Y201224584);宁波市海洋蟹类产业科技创新团队项目(2011B81003)

摘　　要：为研究饲料中n-3高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)含量对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长性能及脂肪酸组成的影响,本试验配制了n-3 HUFA含量分别为0.74%、1.14%、1.55%、1.94%、2.35%、2.76%(干物质基础),且C22∶6n-3(DHA)/C20∶5n-3(EPA)均为1.1的6种等氮等能试验饲料,以初始体重为2.20 g左右的三疣梭子蟹幼蟹为研究对象,在室外水泥池中采用单体筐养方式进行为期8周的生长试验。每种试验饲料投喂60只幼蟹,每20只幼蟹作为1个重复。结果表明:2.35%组的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蜕壳率均为最高,其中增重率和特定生长率显著高于0.74%、1.14%和1.55%组(P<0.05),饲料效率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),蜕壳率显著高于0.74%、1.14%和1.94%组(P<0.05)。饲料中n-3 HUFA含量对肝胰腺指数没有显著影响(P>0.05)。各组幼蟹的水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分含量没有显著差异(P>0.05),但0.74%组的粗脂肪含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。幼蟹肌肉及肝胰腺中的脂肪酸组成受到饲料中n-3 HUFA含量的影响,肌肉和肝胰腺中n-3 HUFA含量与饲料中n-3 HUFA含量存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。以特定生长率为评价指标,通过折线回归分析估测出三疣梭子蟹幼蟹饲料中n-3HUFA的最适含量为2.357%(干物质基础)。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid （HUFA） content on growth performance and fatty acid composition of juvenile swimming crab （Portunus tribueculatus）. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated in which n-3 HUFA content was 0.74%, 1.14%, 1.55%, 1.94%, 2.35% and 2.76% （ dry matter basis）, respectively, and C22 ： 6n-3 （ DHA）/C20 ： 5n-3 （EPA） was 1.1. Juvenile crabs with an initial body weight about 2.20 g were selected as experimental animals, and all of them were cultured in rectangle plastic baskets in outdoor cement pit for 8 weeks. Each of experimental diets was fed 60 juvenile crabs, and 20 of them as a replicate. The results showed as follows： weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed efficiency and molt rate in 2.35% group were all the highest. Among of them, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate in 2.35% group were significantly higher than those in 0.74%, 1.14% and 1.55% groups （P〈0.05）, the feed efficiency in 2.35% group was significantly higher than that in other groups （P〈0.05）, and the molt rate in 2.35% group was significantly higher than that in 0.74%, 1.14% and 1.94% groups （P〈0.05）. Dietary n-3 HUFA content had no significant influence on hepatopancreas index （P〉0.05）. There were no significant differences in the contents of moisture, crude protein and ash of juvenile crabs among all groups （P〉0.05）, but the content of crude lipid in 0.74% group was significantly lower than that in other groups （P〈0.05）. Dietary n-3 HUFA content affected fatty acid composition in muscle and hepatopancreas, and significant positive correlation relationships were found between dietary n-3 HUFA content and n-3 HUFA content in muscle and hepatopancreas （P〈0.01）. Using specific growth rate as an evaluating index, dietary optimal n-3 HUFA content of juvenile swimming crab is estimated to be 2.357% （dry matter basis） by broken-line regression analysis.

关 键 词：n-3高不饱和脂肪酸 三疣梭子蟹 生长性能 脂肪酸组成 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]