苹果果皮蜡质组分的GC-MS分析  

GC-MS Detection of Epicuticular Wax in Apple Fruits

作　　者：杨艳青[1] 陈柏[1] 王晓飞[1] 任小林[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第5期104-112,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：农业部现代农业技术体系苹果专项资金(MATS)

摘　　要：为进一步给研究苹果果皮蜡质组分同苹果贮藏特性之间的关系提供有效的技术手段,以蜜脆和嘎拉苹果为试材,建立一套适合苹果果皮蜡质的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分离和鉴定方法。通过硅胶和氧化铝柱将氯仿提取物分为非极性、弱极性和极性3个馏分,再进行GC-MS分析,并比较分析品种之间的组分。蜜脆鉴定出20种烷烃,18种脂肪酸,18种酯类和4种烯烃。嘎拉鉴定16种烷烃,21种脂肪酸,19种酯类和5种烯烃。蜜脆和嘎拉烷烃均以C29烷和C27烷为主,脂肪酸以饱和脂肪酸为主,嘎拉和蜜脆的烷烃和脂肪酸分别表现出奇数碳优势和偶数碳优势。不同品种间组分存在差异,嘎拉烷烃组分中缺少nC16、nC17、nC32和nC33烷烃,蜜脆中质量分数最高的脂肪酸为饱和脂肪酸十六烷酸,而嘎拉中质量分数最高的脂肪酸为不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸。酯类组分差异最大,仅有6种共有组分。To take a further study on the relation between epicuticular wax and storage characteristics,based on GC-MS,a method for Isolation and identification of epicuticular wax of Honeycrisp apples and Gala apples was established.The epicuticular wax was separated with chromatographic column of silicagel and alumina into three group of non-polarity compounds,weak polarity compounds and polarity compounds which were detected by GC-MS.For Honeycrisp apples,20alkanes,18fatty acids,18esters and 4olefins were identified.For Gala apples,16alkanes,21fatty acids,19esters and 5olefins were identified.Among the compounds of two varieties,odd n-alkanes,mainly nC27and nC29 were prevalent in the non-polarity compounds,and most of the fatty acids were saturated fatty acids.N-alkanes kept odd predominance and fatty acids kept even predominance.There were some differences on the components between the two varieties.The alkanes of nC16,nC17,nC32and nC33 were found in epicuticular wax of Honeycrisp apples,but not in Gala apples.The components with the highest concentration were the saturated fatty acids with 16carbon centres in Honeycrisp apples, but the unsaturated fatty acids with 18carbon centres in Gala.The difference was more obvious between varieties,and only 6kinds of esters were found in both varieties.

关 键 词：苹果 表皮蜡质 柱层析 气相色谱-质谱联用仪 

分 类 号：R284[医药卫生—中药学]