内战、征服与民族救赎---贺拉斯《颂诗集》第一部第二首解读  

Civil Wars,Foreign Conquests,and the Redemption of the Roman Nation:Horace's Carmina 1. 2

作　　者：李永毅[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学语言认知及语言应用研究基地 [2]重庆大学外国语学院

出　　处：《国外文学》2014年第2期56-63,157-158,共8页Foreign Literatures

基　　金：2012年教育部新世纪人才项目“贺拉斯翻译与研究”(项目号NCET-12-0594)的成果

摘　　要：贺拉斯《颂诗集》第一部第二首并非如部分评论家所说,是歌颂屋大维为恺撒复仇的献媚之作,而是对罗马百年内战的沉痛反思。从创建者罗慕路斯开始,罗马似乎便被兄弟相残的阴魂纠缠,贺拉斯用兆象和祈祷告诫屋大维,应当仁慈对待自己的敌人,尽早终止内战,在征服外族、开疆拓土的过程中实现民族的救赎。这首诗表明,贺拉斯不是驯顺的宫廷诗人,他有自己独立的人格,但他用异族之血洗净内战之罪的观念却反映了罗马民族的集体无意识——帝国情结和种族偏见。Horace's Carmina 1.2 is not a work of adulation,as suggested by some commentators,eulogizing Octavian for avenging Caesar,but an unflinching denunciation of the Romans addicted to endless civil strife.Ever since its founder Romulus,the Roman nation had been haunted by literal or symbolic fratricide.With omens and prayers,Horace urges the princeps to end the civil war by adopting a policy of clemency,and to redeem the nation through foreign conquests and territorial expansion.The ode presents Horace not as a submissive court poet,but as an artist of spiritual independence.His argument for cleansing civil blood with foreign blood,however,reveals the collective unconscious of the Romans:imperialism and ethnocentrism.

关 键 词：罗马 复仇 救赎 贺拉斯 屋大维 

分 类 号：I106.2[文学—世界文学]