神经胶质瘤生物治疗的研究现状与进展  

Research status and progress of biological treatment of glioma

作　　者：蒋静[1] 陈力[1] 于顺江[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院(北京大学第九临床学院)肿瘤放疗科,100038

出　　处：《中华临床医师杂志（电子版）》2014年第3期142-145,共4页Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition)

摘　　要：脑胶质瘤是颅内最常见的肿瘤。近年来关于神经胶质瘤的生物学研究取得了一定进展。首先是脑肿瘤干细胞的发现,其次是开展了肿瘤全基因组测序,这对于发现新的分子标记物是非常有用的,这些标记物(如IDH1基因突变)的发现甚至导致了基于分化和间质转化状况对神经胶质瘤的重新分类。此外,利用1p/19q标记及O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶基因(MGMT)是否被甲基化能为胶质瘤患者选择疗法和进行个性化药物治疗提供有意义的指导。作为治疗策略,替莫唑胺几年前已被确定为治疗脑胶质瘤的标准药物。最近在临床上贝伐单抗已开始用于脑胶质瘤的治疗。其他一些疗法目前还处于临床前开发和临床试验阶段,比如癌症疫苗、溶瘤腺病毒的研究等,这些潜在的疗法将来有可能成为胶质瘤治疗的手段或辅助手段。这些研究不仅揭示了神经胶质瘤的细胞起源,也为胶质瘤的诊断、治疗和预后判断提供了有用的信息和参考。Glioma is the most common intra-cranial tumor. Several important advances in biology of the neurological gliomas have been made in recent years. First, there were advances in the discovery of brain tumor stem cells in year 2004. Second, the Cancer Genome Atlas project has been very useful in discovery of new molecular markers, and these markers such as mutations in the IDH1 gene has caused in a re-classification of gliomas, based on gliomal differentiation status and mesenchymal transformation. In addition, use of the 1p/19q marker and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl-transferase methylation status have been identified as guidance for patient treatments and are useful of patients with gliomas for personalized medical management. Progress has been made since last decade in treatment strategies such as temozolomide as standard care for glioma, then the use of bevacizumab, and development in experimental biological therapies including oncolytic adenoviruses and vaccines, which could influence the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas. These findings provided important information about the glioma cellular origin, and how to use molecular markers to help diagnosis and treatment, and predict prognosis.

关 键 词：神经胶质瘤 分子标记物 肿瘤干细胞 甲基化 生物疗法 

分 类 号：R739.4[医药卫生—肿瘤]