冬小麦-夏玉米两熟制农田蒸散量周年变化规律初探  

Preliminary Study on Evapotranspiration of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Cropping System

作　　者：王同朝[1] 李小艳[1] 李仟[1] 王和洲[2] 关小康[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院河南省粮食作物生理生态与遗传改良重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《华北农学报》2014年第2期218-222,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B07;2012BAD14B08;2011BAD16B07)

摘　　要：为探究冬小麦-夏玉米田蒸散量变化规律,利用大型称重式蒸渗仪系统研究了冬小麦-夏玉米田蒸散量周年、不同阶段和日变化,对蒸散量与净辐射等气象要素进行了回归分析。结果表明:年蒸散量四季分布不均,春、夏、秋、冬四季分别占1年的44%,32%,17%,7%,总体呈"M"型变化;冬小麦拔节-抽穗期和夏玉米拔节-抽雄期是1周年的2个蒸散高峰期,也是作物生长水分临界期和补充灌溉的关键期;农田日蒸散量呈抛物线型;气象要素对蒸散量的影响顺序为:太阳净辐射量>气温>降雨量,太阳净辐射量和气温对蒸散量有显著的影响。A large-scale weighting lysimeter has been used for systematically exploring annual variation,periodic variation and daily variation of field evapotranspiration of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system. The relationship between evapotranspiration and the net radiation and other meteorological factors has been investigated by regression analysis. The results showed that,annual evapotranspiration distributed asymmetrically in four seasons and shaped M annually. Spring,summer,autumn,winter accounted for 44%,32%,17%,7%,respectively. Evapotranspiration peaked at jointing stage to heading stage of winter wheat and jointing stage to tasseling stage of summer maize. Those were water critical period of crop growth and supplementary irrigation critical periods. Daily evapotranspiration showed parabolic trends. Solar net radiation,air temperature and rainfall influenced evapotranspiration and followed by the same order as above,and solar net radiation and air temperature significantly affected evapotranspiration.

关 键 词：冬小麦 夏玉米 称重式蒸渗仪 蒸散量 变化规律 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]